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Robu.in | Indian Online Store | RC Hobby | Robotics
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      • Component Kit
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      • Microcontroller ICs
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      • Upto 3 Inch
      • 3 Inch to 7 Inch
      • 8 Inch to 10 Inch
      • 11 Inch and Above
      • Carbon Fiber Propeller
      • Triblades
      • Propeller Accessories
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    • Creality 3D Printers
    • Electronics Parts
      • 3D Printer Display and Controllers
      • 3D Printer Extruder Kit
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      • Limit Switch
    • Mechnical Parts
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      • Lead Screw and Nut
      • Linear Guide Rail
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      • 3S Lipo (11.1V ~ 12.6V)
      • 4S Lipo (14.8V ~ 16.8V)
      • 6S LiPo (22.2V ~ 25.2V)
    • Orange LiPO Battery
      • 1 Cell (3.7-4.2)V
      • 2 Cell (7.4-8.4)V
      • 3 Cell (11.1-12.6)V
      • 4 Cell (14.8-16.8)V
      • 6 Cell (22.2-25.2)V
    • Micro LiPo Batteries
    • Lithium-Ion Batteries
      • 1 cell (3.7V~4.2V)
      • 2 Cell (7.4V~8.4V)
      • 3 Cell (11.1V~12.6V)
      • 4 Cell (14.8V~16.8V)
      • 5 Cell (18.5V) & Above
    • Orange Premium BMS
    • Other Batteries
      • TX/RX Li-PO Batteries
      • LifePO4 Battery
      • Coin Cell Battery
      • CNC and PLC Machine Battery
    • Battery Accessories
      • Battery Protection Board
      • Battery Pack Accessories & Holders
      • Battery Chargers
      • Battery Connector
      • Battery Harness
      • Power Adapter and Cable
      • Lipo Voltage Checker
      • Parallel Charging Board
      • LiPO Battery Sack, Covers & Mats
  • Motors, Drivers, Actuators
    • Planetary Gear Motor
      • Orange Planetary Gears Motor
      • Orange Planetary BLDC Motors
      • Planetary Gear DC Motors
    • Brushed DC Motor
      • Orange Johnson Geared Motor
      • Johnson Geared Motor (Grade B)
      • DC Geared Motor with Encoder
      • 25 GA Motors
      • Orange OG 555 DC Motor
      • RS 50 Geared Motor
      • Orange RS 775 DC Motor
      • Orange PM33 Motor
      • Orange Square Gear Box Motor
      • Orange Rectangular Gearbox Motor
    • N20 Micro Gear Motor
      • Micro Gear Motor with Encoder
      • Micro Gear Motor without Encoder
    • Stepper Motor
    • Servo Motors
      • Orange RC Servo Motors
      • Emax Servo Motor
      • Other Servo motor
    • Pumps
      • Kamoer High Quality Pumps and Accessories
      • Generic Pumps
      • Pneumatic Connectors and Valves
    • Cooling Fans
    • Linear Motor/Actuator
    • Solenoids & Electromagnets
    • Other DC Motors
      • BO Motors
      • Metal Gear Box Motor
      • Plastic Gear Box Motors
      • Vibration Motor
      • Drone Motor
    • Motor Drivers
      • Brushed DC Motor Driver
      • Servo Motor Driver
      • Stepper Motor Drivers
      • Brushless DC Motor Driver (ESC)
    • Motor Accessories
      • Motor Mounting Brackets
      • Bearings
      • Couplings
      • JR Servo Cable
      • Futaba Servo Cable
      • Push Rod
      • Other Accessories
  • Development Board
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      • Original Arduino Boards
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  • Official Arduino Boards
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    • Seven Segment LED Display
    • LED Dot Matrix Display
  • Sensors
    • Sensor Kits
    • Ultrasonic and Proximity
      • MAXBOTIX Ultrasonic Sonar
      • Ultrasonic Sensor
      • Orange Proximity Sensor
      • Autonics Proximity Sensor
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      • LiDAR Sensor
      • Other Ultrasonic Sensors
    • Temp., Humidity, Gas & Environmental
      • Temperature & Humidity Sensor
      • Environmental Sensors
      • Gas and Dust Sensor
      • Thermoelectric Cooler
    • Motion, Light and Sound
      • PIR / IR and Optical Sensor
      • RFID Card, Tags & Reader
      • Light/Color Sensor
      • Line Sensor
      • Sound Sensor
    • Biometric, Rotation, and Current
      • Biometric/ECG/EMG Sensor
      • Rotary Encoder
      • Current and Voltage
    • Load, Pressure, Flow & Vibration
      • Water TDS, pH, Flow, Level and Pressure Sensor
      • Vibration/Tilt Sensor and Modules
      • Load / Pressure / Force / Flex Sensor
  • Cameras
    • IoT Cameras
    • FPV Cameras
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    • Raspberry Pi Camera
  • IoT and Wireless
    • Ai Thinker ESP Modules and Development Boards
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    • Development Board/Kit
    • xBee Zigbee Module
    • LORA WiFi
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    • Wireless Smart Switches
  • Electronic Modules
    • Programming Module
    • Memory Interfacing
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    • Bluetooth Interfacing
    • Ethernet Module
    • Interface Module
    • LED Module
    • LASER Module
    • Addressable LED and Drivers
    • Breakout Board
    • Relay Switch Modules
    • Electronic Switches/Keypads
    • Solar Panels and Controllers
    • Wearable Electronic
    • Real Time Module (RTC)
    • Audio Module/ Amplifier
    • Mux-DeMux & Logic Converter
    • Voltage Regulator
      • Boost Converter (Step-Up )
      • Buck Converter (Step-Down)
    • Measuring Instruments
      • Digital Multimeter
      • Temperature Meter
      • Digital Voltage, Current and Frequency Meter
      • Oscilloscope & Signal Generator
      • Other Measuring Instrument
    • Power Supply
      • Transformers
      • SMPS
      • Hi-Link Power Supply Module
    • Displays
  • Wires and Cables
    • PVC and Silicone Wires
      • PVC Wire
      • 6 to 10 AWG
      • 12 to 16 AWG
      • 18 to 22 AWG
      • 24 to 30 AWG
    • Cables
      • DuPont / Jumper Cable
      • Interfacing Cables
      • JR Servo cable
      • Futaba servo cable
      • FFC Cable
    • Heat Shrink Tubing / Sleeve
      • Heat Shrink Combos
      • 1 mm to 4 mm
      • 5 mm to 10 mm
      • 11 mm and Above
      • PVC Heat Shrink
    • Tools and Accessories
      • Wire Cutter / Stripper
      • Cable Ties
      • Sleeves and Drag Chain
  • Mechanical Components and Workbench Tools
    • Mechanical Robotic Parts
      • Chassis
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
      • Lead Screw
      • Linear Guide Rail
      • Couplings
      • Bearings
      • Motor Mounting Brackets
      • Gears
    • Wheels
      • Mecanum Wheels
      • Omni Wheels
      • Heavy Duty Wheel
      • RC Car Wheel
      • Pulley Wheel & Track Belt
      • Caster Wheels
    • Carbon Fiber
      • Carbon Fiber Sheets and Strips
      • Carbon Fiber Tubes and Rods
    • Nuts-Bolts and Spacers
      • Countersunk(CSK) Screws
      • Socket Set Screws (Allen Grub)
      • Socket Head Cap Screw (Allen Bolt)
      • CHHD Screws
      • Nut and Washers
      • Nylon Nuts and Bolts
      • Spacer and Standoff
    • Soldering Tools
    • Workbench Tools
  • Services
    • PCB Manufacturing Service
    • Custom Battery Pack
    • Online SLA 3D Printing Service
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All Categories
  • Shop by Brands
  • New Arrivals
  • Refurbished
  • Partial Working
  • Electronic Components
    • Basic Electronic Components
      • Component Kit
      • Resistor
      • Inductor
      • Capacitor
      • Diode
      • Transistor
      • Crystal Oscillators
    • Semiconductor ICs
      • Microcontroller ICs
      • Interface ICs
      • Clock, Timer and Counter ICs
      • Sensor ICs
      • Optocoupler ICs
      • Converter ICs
      • Comparator ICs
      • Driver ICs
      • Encoder ICs
      • Audio ICs
      • IC Base
    • LEDs and Indicators
      • LEDs Kit
      • Pilot Lamp Indicator
      • LEDs with Holders
      • Through Hole LED
      • SMD LED
    • Miscellaneous Component
      • Potentiometer
      • Fuse
      • Buzzer/Speaker
      • Aluminium Heat Sink
      • Bread Board and Zero PCB
    • Mechanical Switches
    • Power Connectors
    • RF Connectors
    • Interface Connector
    • Berg / FPC / IDC Connector
  • DIY Learning and Robot Kits
    • Orange Premium Learning Kits
      • Orange Kits for Arduinos
      • Orange Kits for Raspberry Pi
      • Orange Electronic Component Kits
      • Orange DIY Mini Project Kits
    • DIY Hobby Project Parts
    • Robot Kits and Parts
    • Drone Kit
    • DIY 3D Printer Kits
    • Ebike Kit
    • Official Raspberry Pi Kits
    • Kits compatible with Arduino
    • Sensor Kits
    • Component Kit
  • Drone Parts
    • Kits
    • Frames and Accessories
    • Flight Controller & Accessories
    • Motors
    • Speed Controllers (ESC)
    • Propellers
      • Upto 3 Inch
      • 3 Inch to 7 Inch
      • 8 Inch to 10 Inch
      • 11 Inch and Above
      • Carbon Fiber Propeller
      • Triblades
      • Propeller Accessories
    • Drone Transmitter & Receiver
    • Antennas
    • FPV Cameras
    • FPV Antennas and Trans-Receivers
    • Accessories
    • Camera Gimbal
  • E-Bike Parts
    • Ebike Kit
    • Ebike Motor and Controller
    • Ebike Battery
    • Mechanical Accessories
    • Electronics Accessories
  • 3D Printers and Parts
    • Creality 3D Printers
    • Electronics Parts
      • 3D Printer Display and Controllers
      • 3D Printer Extruder Kit
      • 3D Printer Extruder Parts and Fans
      • Stepper Motors and Accessories
      • 3D Printer Display and Controller
      • Limit Switch
    • Mechnical Parts
      • 3D Printer Heatbed and Accessories
      • 3D Printer Nozzle
      • Lead Screw and Nut
      • Linear Guide Rail
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
      • 3D Printer Couplings
      • Timing Belt and Pulley
      • Sleeves and Drag Chain
    • 3D Printer Filaments
      • ORANGE Premium Filaments
      • ESUN Filaments
      • Resins
  • Batteries, Chargers and Accessories
    • Custom Battery Pack
    • Lemon Premium Li-PO Battery
      • 2S Lipo (7.4V ~ 8.4V)
      • 3S Lipo (11.1V ~ 12.6V)
      • 4S Lipo (14.8V ~ 16.8V)
      • 6S LiPo (22.2V ~ 25.2V)
    • Orange LiPO Battery
      • 1 Cell (3.7-4.2)V
      • 2 Cell (7.4-8.4)V
      • 3 Cell (11.1-12.6)V
      • 4 Cell (14.8-16.8)V
      • 6 Cell (22.2-25.2)V
    • Micro LiPo Batteries
    • Lithium-Ion Batteries
      • 1 cell (3.7V~4.2V)
      • 2 Cell (7.4V~8.4V)
      • 3 Cell (11.1V~12.6V)
      • 4 Cell (14.8V~16.8V)
      • 5 Cell (18.5V) & Above
    • Orange Premium BMS
    • Other Batteries
      • TX/RX Li-PO Batteries
      • LifePO4 Battery
      • Coin Cell Battery
      • CNC and PLC Machine Battery
    • Battery Accessories
      • Battery Protection Board
      • Battery Pack Accessories & Holders
      • Battery Chargers
      • Battery Connector
      • Battery Harness
      • Power Adapter and Cable
      • Lipo Voltage Checker
      • Parallel Charging Board
      • LiPO Battery Sack, Covers & Mats
  • Motors, Drivers, Actuators
    • Planetary Gear Motor
      • Orange Planetary Gears Motor
      • Orange Planetary BLDC Motors
      • Planetary Gear DC Motors
    • Brushed DC Motor
      • Orange Johnson Geared Motor
      • Johnson Geared Motor (Grade B)
      • DC Geared Motor with Encoder
      • 25 GA Motors
      • Orange OG 555 DC Motor
      • RS 50 Geared Motor
      • Orange RS 775 DC Motor
      • Orange PM33 Motor
      • Orange Square Gear Box Motor
      • Orange Rectangular Gearbox Motor
    • N20 Micro Gear Motor
      • Micro Gear Motor with Encoder
      • Micro Gear Motor without Encoder
    • Stepper Motor
    • Servo Motors
      • Orange RC Servo Motors
      • Emax Servo Motor
      • Other Servo motor
    • Pumps
      • Kamoer High Quality Pumps and Accessories
      • Generic Pumps
      • Pneumatic Connectors and Valves
    • Cooling Fans
    • Linear Motor/Actuator
    • Solenoids & Electromagnets
    • Other DC Motors
      • BO Motors
      • Metal Gear Box Motor
      • Plastic Gear Box Motors
      • Vibration Motor
      • Drone Motor
    • Motor Drivers
      • Brushed DC Motor Driver
      • Servo Motor Driver
      • Stepper Motor Drivers
      • Brushless DC Motor Driver (ESC)
    • Motor Accessories
      • Motor Mounting Brackets
      • Bearings
      • Couplings
      • JR Servo Cable
      • Futaba Servo Cable
      • Push Rod
      • Other Accessories
  • Development Board
    • Official Arduino Boards
      • Original Arduino Boards
      • Official Arduino Shields
      • Official Arduino Kits
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    • 8051 Board
    • Single Board Computer
    • Teensy Board
    • Udoo Board
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    • PIC Development board
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    • Advance Development Boards
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      • Boards
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    • e-Ink Display
    • Seven Segment LED Display
    • LED Dot Matrix Display
  • Sensors
    • Sensor Kits
    • Ultrasonic and Proximity
      • MAXBOTIX Ultrasonic Sonar
      • Ultrasonic Sensor
      • Orange Proximity Sensor
      • Autonics Proximity Sensor
      • Other Proximity Sensor & Modules
      • LiDAR Sensor
      • Other Ultrasonic Sensors
    • Temp., Humidity, Gas & Environmental
      • Temperature & Humidity Sensor
      • Environmental Sensors
      • Gas and Dust Sensor
      • Thermoelectric Cooler
    • Motion, Light and Sound
      • PIR / IR and Optical Sensor
      • RFID Card, Tags & Reader
      • Light/Color Sensor
      • Line Sensor
      • Sound Sensor
    • Biometric, Rotation, and Current
      • Biometric/ECG/EMG Sensor
      • Rotary Encoder
      • Current and Voltage
    • Load, Pressure, Flow & Vibration
      • Water TDS, pH, Flow, Level and Pressure Sensor
      • Vibration/Tilt Sensor and Modules
      • Load / Pressure / Force / Flex Sensor
  • Cameras
    • IoT Cameras
    • FPV Cameras
    • Smart Vision Camera
    • Thermal Cameras
    • Raspberry Pi Camera
  • IoT and Wireless
    • Ai Thinker ESP Modules and Development Boards
    • ESP WiFi Module
    • Development Board/Kit
    • xBee Zigbee Module
    • LORA WiFi
    • Bluetooth and NRF Modules
    • GSM / GPRS Modules
    • Transmitter and Receivers
    • Advance Controller Board
    • Wireless Smart Switches
  • Electronic Modules
    • Programming Module
    • Memory Interfacing
    • Communication Module
    • Bluetooth Interfacing
    • Ethernet Module
    • Interface Module
    • LED Module
    • LASER Module
    • Addressable LED and Drivers
    • Breakout Board
    • Relay Switch Modules
    • Electronic Switches/Keypads
    • Solar Panels and Controllers
    • Wearable Electronic
    • Real Time Module (RTC)
    • Audio Module/ Amplifier
    • Mux-DeMux & Logic Converter
    • Voltage Regulator
      • Boost Converter (Step-Up )
      • Buck Converter (Step-Down)
    • Measuring Instruments
      • Digital Multimeter
      • Temperature Meter
      • Digital Voltage, Current and Frequency Meter
      • Oscilloscope & Signal Generator
      • Other Measuring Instrument
    • Power Supply
      • Transformers
      • SMPS
      • Hi-Link Power Supply Module
    • Displays
  • Wires and Cables
    • PVC and Silicone Wires
      • PVC Wire
      • 6 to 10 AWG
      • 12 to 16 AWG
      • 18 to 22 AWG
      • 24 to 30 AWG
    • Cables
      • DuPont / Jumper Cable
      • Interfacing Cables
      • JR Servo cable
      • Futaba servo cable
      • FFC Cable
    • Heat Shrink Tubing / Sleeve
      • Heat Shrink Combos
      • 1 mm to 4 mm
      • 5 mm to 10 mm
      • 11 mm and Above
      • PVC Heat Shrink
    • Tools and Accessories
      • Wire Cutter / Stripper
      • Cable Ties
      • Sleeves and Drag Chain
  • Mechanical Components and Workbench Tools
    • Mechanical Robotic Parts
      • Chassis
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
      • Lead Screw
      • Linear Guide Rail
      • Couplings
      • Bearings
      • Motor Mounting Brackets
      • Gears
    • Wheels
      • Mecanum Wheels
      • Omni Wheels
      • Heavy Duty Wheel
      • RC Car Wheel
      • Pulley Wheel & Track Belt
      • Caster Wheels
    • Carbon Fiber
      • Carbon Fiber Sheets and Strips
      • Carbon Fiber Tubes and Rods
    • Nuts-Bolts and Spacers
      • Countersunk(CSK) Screws
      • Socket Set Screws (Allen Grub)
      • Socket Head Cap Screw (Allen Bolt)
      • CHHD Screws
      • Nut and Washers
      • Nylon Nuts and Bolts
      • Spacer and Standoff
    • Soldering Tools
    • Workbench Tools
  • Services
    • PCB Manufacturing Service
    • Custom Battery Pack
    • Online SLA 3D Printing Service
    • Online FDM 3D Printing Service
    • Metal Laser Cutting Service
    • Non-Metal Laser Cutting Service
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      • Diode
      • Transistor
      • Crystal Oscillators
    • Semiconductor ICs
      • Microcontroller ICs
      • Interface ICs
      • Clock, Timer and Counter ICs
      • Sensor ICs
      • Optocoupler ICs
      • Converter ICs
      • Comparator ICs
      • Driver ICs
      • Encoder ICs
      • Audio ICs
      • IC Base
    • LEDs and Indicators
      • LEDs Kit
      • Pilot Lamp Indicator
      • LEDs with Holders
      • Through Hole LED
      • SMD LED
    • Miscellaneous Component
      • Potentiometer
      • Fuse
      • Buzzer/Speaker
      • Aluminium Heat Sink
      • Bread Board and Zero PCB
    • Mechanical Switches
    • Power Connectors
    • RF Connectors
    • Interface Connector
    • Berg / FPC / IDC Connector
  • DIY Learning and Robot Kits
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      • Upto 3 Inch
      • 3 Inch to 7 Inch
      • 8 Inch to 10 Inch
      • 11 Inch and Above
      • Carbon Fiber Propeller
      • Triblades
      • Propeller Accessories
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    • FPV Antennas and Trans-Receivers
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  • E-Bike Parts
    • Ebike Kit
    • Ebike Motor and Controller
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  • 3D Printers and Parts
    • Creality 3D Printers
    • Electronics Parts
      • 3D Printer Display and Controllers
      • 3D Printer Extruder Kit
      • 3D Printer Extruder Parts and Fans
      • Stepper Motors and Accessories
      • 3D Printer Display and Controller
      • Limit Switch
    • Mechnical Parts
      • 3D Printer Heatbed and Accessories
      • 3D Printer Nozzle
      • Lead Screw and Nut
      • Linear Guide Rail
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
      • 3D Printer Couplings
      • Timing Belt and Pulley
      • Sleeves and Drag Chain
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      • ORANGE Premium Filaments
      • ESUN Filaments
      • Resins
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    • Custom Battery Pack
    • Lemon Premium Li-PO Battery
      • 2S Lipo (7.4V ~ 8.4V)
      • 3S Lipo (11.1V ~ 12.6V)
      • 4S Lipo (14.8V ~ 16.8V)
      • 6S LiPo (22.2V ~ 25.2V)
    • Orange LiPO Battery
      • 1 Cell (3.7-4.2)V
      • 2 Cell (7.4-8.4)V
      • 3 Cell (11.1-12.6)V
      • 4 Cell (14.8-16.8)V
      • 6 Cell (22.2-25.2)V
    • Micro LiPo Batteries
    • Lithium-Ion Batteries
      • 1 cell (3.7V~4.2V)
      • 2 Cell (7.4V~8.4V)
      • 3 Cell (11.1V~12.6V)
      • 4 Cell (14.8V~16.8V)
      • 5 Cell (18.5V) & Above
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HomeUncategorizedDIY Raspberry Pi Pico Drone-The Hardware

DIY Raspberry Pi Pico Drone-The Hardware

Uncategorized  0  comments  1469 Views  Tuesday, August 31, 2021











Since the raspberry pi pico came into the market, it has become the buzz of the town. It has become ideal for many to get their hands on this newest

Since the raspberry pi pico came into the market, it has become the buzz of the town. It has become ideal for many to get their hands on this newest microcontroller. In this blog, you will learn how you can build a drone out of raspberry pi pico yourself.

This is how our final output will somewhat look like.

Before understanding the various sections about building a drone, let's understand the components we have chosen to build it.

Components

1)Frame: -The frame, motors, and propellers of this drone have been taken from the Qx95 kit available at robu.in.You can choose the frame of your choice too or better design it and 3d print it through robu.in's 3d printing service.

When designing the frame there are a couple of considerations to make. The frame must be

  • Light - obviously the lighter it is, the easier it will be to lift it up!
  • Sturdy - quadcopter tend to fall a lot and if it doesn't break after every fall - is it a huge plus.
  • Resistive to vibrations - otherwise it might be unstable as the motors do vibrate a lot. This also helps to reduce accelerometer picked up noise

2)Motors:-

When buying motor sets the most important things (from most to less important) which you need to take a look at are

  • Type - there are brushed DC and brushless AC motors. Nano quadcopters are usually based on brushed DC motors as they're smaller and easier to control without the need of extra AC controllers. However they have a lot less thrust and cannot be used for larger quadcopters.
  • Can diameter - the 3D design was made for motors with 8.5mm diameter. The design would have to be altered for a different diameter.
  • Max Static Thrust or simply Thrust - defines how much weight can the motors keep in the air or basically - how heavy your quadcopter can be. Propeller type have to be defined and often thrust vs current curve (often called performance curve) is supplied .
  • Weight - the weight of a motor, which will be added to the total weight of the quadcopter. Both MMW and Hubson motors weight around 5g per motor.
  • Load current - defines what current is being drawn by a motor when a specified voltage applied using specified propellers. Note that without the propellers attached this current would drop to really small values, thus when testing for brownout voltage (more of that later) always put on the propellers.
  • Recommended propeller size - motors should aim for 55mm propellers.
  • Lifetime rating - this defines how long should the motors run without failing. Thus always a good idea to buy two sets of motors.
  • Speed - fast speed will give you faster flights, however with increased currents, thus need better batteries. Plus they're likely more difficult to control due to their speed... Thus I wouldn't care about this one for as long as the motors are designed for quadcopters.

3) Propellers

The propellers are differentiated by their:

  • Length - which is measured as the radius multiplied by 2.
  • Number of the leaves - this usually is 2, but others exist with 3 and more.
  • Shape of the propeller -
  • Angle of the twist - the steeper the angle, the more thrust the propeller can provide.

4)Battery

Choosing adequate batteries is very important as wrong batteries will not allow the motors to draw enough current to light up the quadcopter and on top of that, there will be huge voltage drops, which will keep interfering with the electronics. There are a few important points to note when buying them:

  • Type - there are many battery types such as li-po, li-on and even these come in shades. Rather recently Graphene based batteries became available, which can withstand higher currents and have higher capacity density. Of course the downside is the price!
  • Capacity (measured in mAh or Wh) - will determine how much energy is stored inside the battery. The larger the capacity, the longer the quadcopter will run on a single charge. This will be proportional to the size and weight of the battery and will also determine how much current can be drawn from and into the battery.
  • Max allowed discharge (burst) and average discharge (constant) rate (C) - the first determines peak currents e.g. when quadcopter starts accelerating, while the latter determines normal operation current e.g. quadcopter is kept constant in the air. There is often a rule of thumb that multiplication of capacity and the discharge rate will give the current that the batteries can supply. To be on the safe side also need to add 20% of safety margin - we do not want the batteries to explode do we? Thus for example, if you had a battery with 200 mAh and 20 C of average/constant discharge, then 200mAh * 25C * 80% = 4A. Thus on average such a battery can supply 4A without issues. However, this is just a rule of thumb, when very high currents are involved, we want the discharge rate to be way higher, independently to the battery capacity.
  • Weight (g) - larger capacity batteries weight more, thus need to find some which provide enough flying time but still provide good flying performance.

5) N-channel MOSFETs

We need 4xMOSFET transistors also known as switches and used together with PWM to supply the current to the motors in peaks. Choosing them might be tricky and there are a couple of important points when choosing one for our application:

  • Maximum drain current it can supply (Id max), which in this case should be around 3A to support the motor which can draw around 2.75A.
  • The Vgs threshold voltage, which has to be low, maybe somewhere around 1V as li-po batteries voltage might drop to 3.4V at some point. It is always best to also check the drain current (Id) dependency on the threshold voltage (Vgs threshold) as each transistor will have a different response.
  • This is provided under certain gate to sink bias Vgs. Normally expect this to be around 0.032Ohm, however the smaller the better. If you choose some MOSFET with Rds (on) equal to 0.3Ohm or so, due to motors running at 3A the voltage drop over the MOSFET will be 0.9V, thus motors will not get sufficient voltage drop over them.
  • I have used si 2302 n-channel mosfets in my circuit as it fulfilled all these requirements.

6) MPU6050 Accelerometer

When only using IMU to control the quadcopter two tricky problems appear:

  • Being able to hover at a constant altitude. Usually the control of the Z axis (vertical) is done by increasing or decreasing the desired speed of all the motors, thus effectively adding offset. However due to the drained batteries throughout the flight even though the desired speed might not change, the voltage on the battery will drop, which will drop the speed.
  • Automatic taking off and landing without the user interaction. This is useful both controlling the quadcopter as usual and when performing emergency landing in case of dying batteries. After the quadcopter reaches the land this can also be used to turn the motors completely off.
  • I have used the Mpu6050 accelerometer for our multirotor as it seemed to be the most feasible of all.

7) Rx2A receiver

I have used the RX2A receiver as its size was very less and the benefit of using the I-bus protocol on it was a plus point for me.

Dividing into sections.

The pico flight controller is divided into 3 main sections.

1)Power distribution section:-This section consists of n channel MOSFET which will receive the PWM signals on its gate terminal from the raspberry pi pico. the MOSFET will be used as a switch to turn the motor and off with the help of these signals.

The output of running motors will look something like this.

2)Signal reception section:-The Signal reception section consists of getting data from the transmitter through Ibus protocol. The FlySky iBus is a protocol that uses the UART serial interface to transmit the value of each channel from the receiver. Data is transmitted at 115200bps and a new value can be read every 7ms. The data then received will be converted into hexadecimal form.

The output for the signal received from the transmitter is as follows.The output will be received in ascii form which you will need to convert in hex to make it processable.

3)Automatic drone stabilization:-The basic idea behind this section is receiving the acceleration and gyroscopic values of MPU6050 using I2c protocol and then showing it on a terminal. The further process will be to process these values through PID to achieve complete drone stabilization.

The output for the mpu6050 accelerometer will be as follows.

We will be combining all the software together in the next part of this blog- the software section and test our drone.

You can watch our youtube video for more info. Thanks for reading this blog.

Stay safe. Stay tuned.


Tags : c , c/c++ , drone , drone motor , hardware , lipo , Raspberry Pi Pico , Raspberry Pi Pico Micropython , RC drone , RC transmitter and Receiver , sdk

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