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Robu.in | Indian Online Store | RC Hobby | Robotics
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      • Component Kit
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    • Semiconductor ICs
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      • Clock, Timer and Counter ICs
      • Sensor ICs
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      • Converter ICs
      • Comparator ICs
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      • Audio ICs
      • IC Base
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      • LEDs Kit
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      • SMD LED
    • Miscellaneous Component
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      • Buzzer/Speaker
      • Aluminium Heat Sink
      • Bread Board and Zero PCB
    • Mechanical Switches
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    • Berg / FPC / IDC Connector
  • DIY Learning and Robot Kits
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      • Orange Kits for Arduinos
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    • Ebike Kit
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  • Drone Parts
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    • Frames and Accessories
    • Flight Controller & Accessories
    • Motors
    • Speed Controllers (ESC)
    • Propellers
      • Upto 3 Inch
      • 3 Inch to 7 Inch
      • 8 Inch to 10 Inch
      • 11 Inch and Above
      • Carbon Fiber Propeller
      • Triblades
      • Propeller Accessories
    • Drone Transmitter & Receiver
    • Antennas
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    • FPV Antennas and Trans-Receivers
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    • Camera Gimbal
  • E-Bike Parts
    • Ebike Kit
    • Ebike Motor and Controller
    • Ebike Battery
    • Mechanical Accessories
    • Electronics Accessories
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    • Creality 3D Printers
    • Electronics Parts
      • 3D Printer Display and Controllers
      • 3D Printer Extruder Kit
      • 3D Printer Extruder Parts and Fans
      • Stepper Motors and Accessories
      • 3D Printer Display and Controller
      • Limit Switch
    • Mechnical Parts
      • 3D Printer Heatbed and Accessories
      • 3D Printer Nozzle
      • Lead Screw and Nut
      • Linear Guide Rail
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
      • 3D Printer Couplings
      • Timing Belt and Pulley
      • Sleeves and Drag Chain
    • Filaments
      • ORANGE Premium Filaments
      • ESUN Filaments
      • Resins
  • Batteries, Chargers and Accessories
    • Lemon Premium Li-PO Battery
      • 2S Lipo (7.4V ~ 8.4V)
      • 3S Lipo (11.1V ~ 12.6V)
      • 4S Lipo (14.8V ~ 16.8V)
      • 6S LiPo (22.2V ~ 25.2V)
    • Orange LiPO Battery
      • 1 Cell (3.7-4.2)V
      • 2 Cell (7.4-8.4)V
      • 3 Cell (11.1-12.6)V
      • 4 Cell (14.8-16.8)V
      • 6 Cell (22.2-25.2)V
    • Micro LiPo Batteries
    • Orange Li-Ion Batteries
      • 1 cell (3.7V~4.2V)
      • 2 Cell (7.4V~8.4V)
      • 3 Cell (11.1V~12.6V)
      • 4 Cell (14.8V~16.8V)
      • 5 Cell (18.5V) & Above
    • Orange Premium BMS
    • Other Batteries
      • TX/RX Li-PO Batteries
      • LifePO4 Battery
      • Coin Cell Battery
      • CNC and PLC Machine Battery
    • Battery Accessories
      • Battery Protection Board
      • Battery Pack Accessories & Holders
      • Battery Chargers
      • Battery Connector
      • Battery Harness
      • Power Adapter and Cable
      • Lipo Voltage Checker
      • Parallel Charging Board
      • LiPO Battery Sack, Covers & Mats
  • Motors, Drivers, Actuators
    • Planetary Gear Motor
      • Orange Planetary Gears Motor
      • Orange Planetary BLDC Motors
      • Planetary Gear DC Motors
    • Brushed DC Motor
      • Orange Johnson Geared Motor
      • Johnson Geared Motor (Grade B)
      • DC Geared Motor with Encoder
      • 25 GA Motors
      • Orange OG 555 DC Motor
      • RS 50 Geared Motor
      • Orange RS 775 DC Motor
      • Orange PM33 Motor
      • Orange Square Gear Box Motor
      • Orange Rectangular Gearbox Motor
    • N20 Micro Gear Motor
      • Micro Gear Motor with Encoder
      • Micro Gear Motor without Encoder
    • Stepper Motor
    • Servo Motors
      • Orange RC Servo Motors
      • Emax Servo Motor
      • Other Servo motor
    • Pumps
    • Cooling Fans
    • Linear Motor/Actuator
    • Solenoids & Electromagnets
    • Other DC Motors
      • BO Motors
      • Metal Gear Box Motor
      • Plastic Gear Box Motors
      • Vibration Motor
      • Drone Motor
    • Motor Drivers
      • Brushed DC Motor Driver
      • Servo Motor Driver
      • Stepper Motor Drivers
      • Brushless DC Motor Driver (ESC)
    • Motor Accessories
      • Motor Mounting Brackets
      • Bearings
      • Couplings
      • JR Servo Cable
      • Futaba Servo Cable
      • Push Rod
      • Other Accessories
  • Development Board
    • Official Arduino Boards
      • Original Arduino Boards
      • Official Arduino Shields
      • Official Arduino Kits
    • Raspberry Pi
    • 8051 Board
    • Single Board Computer
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      • Boards
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  • Official Arduino Boards
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  • Displays
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    • Seven Segment LED Display
    • LED Dot Matrix Display
  • Sensors
    • Sensor Kits
    • Ultrasonic and Proximity
      • MAXBOTIX Ultrasonic Sonar
      • Ultrasonic Sensor
      • Orange Proximity Sensor
      • Autonics Proximity Sensor
      • Other Proximity Sensor & Modules
      • LiDAR Sensor
      • Other Ultrasonic Sensors
    • Temp., Humidity, Gas & Environmental
      • Temperature & Humidity Sensor
      • Environmental Sensors
      • Gas and Dust Sensor
      • Thermoelectric Cooler
    • Motion, Light and Sound
      • PIR / IR and Optical Sensor
      • RFID Card, Tags & Reader
      • Light/Color Sensor
      • Line Sensor
      • Sound Sensor
    • Biometric, Rotation, and Current
      • Biometric/ECG/EMG Sensor
      • Rotary Encoder
      • Current and Voltage
    • Load, Pressure, Flow & Vibration
      • Water TDS, pH, Flow, Level and Pressure Sensor
      • Vibration/Tilt Sensor and Modules
      • Load / Pressure / Force / Flex Sensor
  • Cameras
    • IoT Cameras
    • FPV Cameras
    • Smart Vision Camera
    • Thermal Cameras
    • Raspberry Pi Camera
  • IoT and Wireless
    • Ai Thinker ESP Modules and Development Boards
    • ESP WiFi Module
    • Development Board/Kit
    • xBee Zigbee Module
    • LORA WiFi
    • Bluetooth and NRF Modules
    • GSM / GPRS Modules
    • Transmitter and Receivers
    • Advance Controller Board
    • Wireless Smart Switches
  • Electronic Modules
    • Programming Module
    • Memory Interfacing
    • Communication Module
    • Bluetooth Interfacing
    • Ethernet Module
    • Interface Module
    • LED Module
    • LASER Module
    • Addressable LED and Drivers
    • Breakout Board
    • Relay Switch Modules
    • Electronic Switches/Keypads
    • Solar Panels and Controllers
    • Wearable Electronic
    • Real Time Module (RTC)
    • Audio Module/ Amplifier
    • Mux-DeMux & Logic Converter
    • Voltage Regulator
      • Boost Converter (Step-Up )
      • Buck Converter (Step-Down)
    • Measuring Instruments
      • Digital Multimeter
      • Temperature Meter
      • Digital Voltage, Current and Frequency Meter
      • Oscilloscope & Signal Generator
      • Other Measuring Instrument
    • Power Supply
      • Transformers
      • SMPS
      • Hi-Link Power Supply Module
    • Displays
  • Wires and Cables
    • PVC and Silicone Wires
      • PVC Wire
      • 6 to 10 AWG
      • 12 to 16 AWG
      • 18 to 22 AWG
      • 24 to 30 AWG
    • Cables
      • DuPont / Jumper Cable
      • Interfacing Cables
      • JR Servo cable
      • Futaba servo cable
      • FFC Cable
    • Heat Shrink Tubing / Sleeve
      • Heat Shrink Combos
      • 1 mm to 4 mm
      • 5 mm to 10 mm
      • 11 mm and Above
      • PVC Heat Shrink
    • Tools and Accessories
      • Wire Cutter / Stripper
      • Cable Ties
      • Sleeves and Drag Chain
  • Mechanical Components and Workbench Tools
    • Mechanical Robotic Parts
      • Chassis
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
      • Lead Screw
      • Linear Guide Rail
      • Couplings
      • Bearings
      • Motor Mounting Brackets
      • Gears
    • Wheels
      • Mecanum Wheels
      • Omni Wheels
      • Heavy Duty Wheel
      • RC Car Wheel
      • Pulley Wheel & Track Belt
      • Caster Wheels
    • Carbon Fiber
      • Carbon Fiber Sheets and Strips
      • Carbon Fiber Tubes and Rods
    • Nuts-Bolts and Spacers
      • Countersunk(CSK) Screws
      • Socket Set Screws (Allen Grub)
      • Socket Head Cap Screw (Allen Bolt)
      • CHHD Screws
      • Nut and Washers
      • Nylon Nuts and Bolts
      • Spacer and Standoff
    • Soldering Tools
    • Workbench Tools
  • Services
    • PCB Manufacturing Service
    • Custom Battery Pack
    • Online SLA 3D Printing Service
    • Online FDM 3D Printing Service
    • Metal Laser Cutting Service
    • Non-Metal Laser Cutting Service
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All Categories
  • Shop by Brands
  • New Arrivals
  • Electronic Components
    • Basic Electronic Components
      • Component Kit
      • Resistor
      • Inductor
      • Capacitor
      • Diode
      • Transistor
      • Crystal Oscillators
    • Semiconductor ICs
      • Microcontroller ICs
      • Interface ICs
      • Clock, Timer and Counter ICs
      • Sensor ICs
      • Optocoupler ICs
      • Converter ICs
      • Comparator ICs
      • Driver ICs
      • Encoder ICs
      • Audio ICs
      • IC Base
    • LEDs and Indicators
      • LEDs Kit
      • Pilot Lamp Indicator
      • LEDs with Holders
      • Through Hole LED
      • SMD LED
    • Miscellaneous Component
      • Potentiometer
      • Fuse
      • Buzzer/Speaker
      • Aluminium Heat Sink
      • Bread Board and Zero PCB
    • Mechanical Switches
    • Power Connectors
    • RF Connectors
    • Interface Connector
    • Berg / FPC / IDC Connector
  • DIY Learning and Robot Kits
    • Orange Premium Learning Kits
      • Orange Kits for Arduinos
      • Orange Kits for Raspberry Pi
      • Orange Electronic Component Kits
      • Orange DIY Mini Project Kits
    • DIY Hobby Project Parts
    • Robot Kits and Parts
    • Drone Kit
    • DIY 3D Printer Kits
    • Ebike Kit
    • Official Raspberry Pi Kits
    • Kits compatible with Arduino
    • Sensor Kits
    • Component Kit
  • Drone Parts
    • Kits
    • Frames and Accessories
    • Flight Controller & Accessories
    • Motors
    • Speed Controllers (ESC)
    • Propellers
      • Upto 3 Inch
      • 3 Inch to 7 Inch
      • 8 Inch to 10 Inch
      • 11 Inch and Above
      • Carbon Fiber Propeller
      • Triblades
      • Propeller Accessories
    • Drone Transmitter & Receiver
    • Antennas
    • FPV Cameras
    • FPV Antennas and Trans-Receivers
    • Accessories
    • Camera Gimbal
  • E-Bike Parts
    • Ebike Kit
    • Ebike Motor and Controller
    • Ebike Battery
    • Mechanical Accessories
    • Electronics Accessories
  • 3D Printers and Parts
    • Creality 3D Printers
    • Electronics Parts
      • 3D Printer Display and Controllers
      • 3D Printer Extruder Kit
      • 3D Printer Extruder Parts and Fans
      • Stepper Motors and Accessories
      • 3D Printer Display and Controller
      • Limit Switch
    • Mechnical Parts
      • 3D Printer Heatbed and Accessories
      • 3D Printer Nozzle
      • Lead Screw and Nut
      • Linear Guide Rail
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
      • 3D Printer Couplings
      • Timing Belt and Pulley
      • Sleeves and Drag Chain
    • Filaments
      • ORANGE Premium Filaments
      • ESUN Filaments
      • Resins
  • Batteries, Chargers and Accessories
    • Lemon Premium Li-PO Battery
      • 2S Lipo (7.4V ~ 8.4V)
      • 3S Lipo (11.1V ~ 12.6V)
      • 4S Lipo (14.8V ~ 16.8V)
      • 6S LiPo (22.2V ~ 25.2V)
    • Orange LiPO Battery
      • 1 Cell (3.7-4.2)V
      • 2 Cell (7.4-8.4)V
      • 3 Cell (11.1-12.6)V
      • 4 Cell (14.8-16.8)V
      • 6 Cell (22.2-25.2)V
    • Micro LiPo Batteries
    • Orange Li-Ion Batteries
      • 1 cell (3.7V~4.2V)
      • 2 Cell (7.4V~8.4V)
      • 3 Cell (11.1V~12.6V)
      • 4 Cell (14.8V~16.8V)
      • 5 Cell (18.5V) & Above
    • Orange Premium BMS
    • Other Batteries
      • TX/RX Li-PO Batteries
      • LifePO4 Battery
      • Coin Cell Battery
      • CNC and PLC Machine Battery
    • Battery Accessories
      • Battery Protection Board
      • Battery Pack Accessories & Holders
      • Battery Chargers
      • Battery Connector
      • Battery Harness
      • Power Adapter and Cable
      • Lipo Voltage Checker
      • Parallel Charging Board
      • LiPO Battery Sack, Covers & Mats
  • Motors, Drivers, Actuators
    • Planetary Gear Motor
      • Orange Planetary Gears Motor
      • Orange Planetary BLDC Motors
      • Planetary Gear DC Motors
    • Brushed DC Motor
      • Orange Johnson Geared Motor
      • Johnson Geared Motor (Grade B)
      • DC Geared Motor with Encoder
      • 25 GA Motors
      • Orange OG 555 DC Motor
      • RS 50 Geared Motor
      • Orange RS 775 DC Motor
      • Orange PM33 Motor
      • Orange Square Gear Box Motor
      • Orange Rectangular Gearbox Motor
    • N20 Micro Gear Motor
      • Micro Gear Motor with Encoder
      • Micro Gear Motor without Encoder
    • Stepper Motor
    • Servo Motors
      • Orange RC Servo Motors
      • Emax Servo Motor
      • Other Servo motor
    • Pumps
    • Cooling Fans
    • Linear Motor/Actuator
    • Solenoids & Electromagnets
    • Other DC Motors
      • BO Motors
      • Metal Gear Box Motor
      • Plastic Gear Box Motors
      • Vibration Motor
      • Drone Motor
    • Motor Drivers
      • Brushed DC Motor Driver
      • Servo Motor Driver
      • Stepper Motor Drivers
      • Brushless DC Motor Driver (ESC)
    • Motor Accessories
      • Motor Mounting Brackets
      • Bearings
      • Couplings
      • JR Servo Cable
      • Futaba Servo Cable
      • Push Rod
      • Other Accessories
  • Development Board
    • Official Arduino Boards
      • Original Arduino Boards
      • Official Arduino Shields
      • Official Arduino Kits
    • Raspberry Pi
    • 8051 Board
    • Single Board Computer
    • Teensy Board
    • Udoo Board
    • ARM Microcontroller
    • PIC Development board
    • Programmers
    • Advance Development Boards
    • Compatible with Arduino Boards
      • Boards
      • Shields
      • USB Cables for Arduino
      • Displays
      • Case for Arduino
  • Official Arduino Boards
    • Original Arduino Boards
    • Official Arduino Shields
    • Official Arduino Kits
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    • Camera
    • Raspberry Pi Hats
    • Accessories
  • Displays
    • HMI LCD Display
    • LCD Displays
    • OLED Display
    • e-Ink Display
    • Seven Segment LED Display
    • LED Dot Matrix Display
  • Sensors
    • Sensor Kits
    • Ultrasonic and Proximity
      • MAXBOTIX Ultrasonic Sonar
      • Ultrasonic Sensor
      • Orange Proximity Sensor
      • Autonics Proximity Sensor
      • Other Proximity Sensor & Modules
      • LiDAR Sensor
      • Other Ultrasonic Sensors
    • Temp., Humidity, Gas & Environmental
      • Temperature & Humidity Sensor
      • Environmental Sensors
      • Gas and Dust Sensor
      • Thermoelectric Cooler
    • Motion, Light and Sound
      • PIR / IR and Optical Sensor
      • RFID Card, Tags & Reader
      • Light/Color Sensor
      • Line Sensor
      • Sound Sensor
    • Biometric, Rotation, and Current
      • Biometric/ECG/EMG Sensor
      • Rotary Encoder
      • Current and Voltage
    • Load, Pressure, Flow & Vibration
      • Water TDS, pH, Flow, Level and Pressure Sensor
      • Vibration/Tilt Sensor and Modules
      • Load / Pressure / Force / Flex Sensor
  • Cameras
    • IoT Cameras
    • FPV Cameras
    • Smart Vision Camera
    • Thermal Cameras
    • Raspberry Pi Camera
  • IoT and Wireless
    • Ai Thinker ESP Modules and Development Boards
    • ESP WiFi Module
    • Development Board/Kit
    • xBee Zigbee Module
    • LORA WiFi
    • Bluetooth and NRF Modules
    • GSM / GPRS Modules
    • Transmitter and Receivers
    • Advance Controller Board
    • Wireless Smart Switches
  • Electronic Modules
    • Programming Module
    • Memory Interfacing
    • Communication Module
    • Bluetooth Interfacing
    • Ethernet Module
    • Interface Module
    • LED Module
    • LASER Module
    • Addressable LED and Drivers
    • Breakout Board
    • Relay Switch Modules
    • Electronic Switches/Keypads
    • Solar Panels and Controllers
    • Wearable Electronic
    • Real Time Module (RTC)
    • Audio Module/ Amplifier
    • Mux-DeMux & Logic Converter
    • Voltage Regulator
      • Boost Converter (Step-Up )
      • Buck Converter (Step-Down)
    • Measuring Instruments
      • Digital Multimeter
      • Temperature Meter
      • Digital Voltage, Current and Frequency Meter
      • Oscilloscope & Signal Generator
      • Other Measuring Instrument
    • Power Supply
      • Transformers
      • SMPS
      • Hi-Link Power Supply Module
    • Displays
  • Wires and Cables
    • PVC and Silicone Wires
      • PVC Wire
      • 6 to 10 AWG
      • 12 to 16 AWG
      • 18 to 22 AWG
      • 24 to 30 AWG
    • Cables
      • DuPont / Jumper Cable
      • Interfacing Cables
      • JR Servo cable
      • Futaba servo cable
      • FFC Cable
    • Heat Shrink Tubing / Sleeve
      • Heat Shrink Combos
      • 1 mm to 4 mm
      • 5 mm to 10 mm
      • 11 mm and Above
      • PVC Heat Shrink
    • Tools and Accessories
      • Wire Cutter / Stripper
      • Cable Ties
      • Sleeves and Drag Chain
  • Mechanical Components and Workbench Tools
    • Mechanical Robotic Parts
      • Chassis
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
      • Lead Screw
      • Linear Guide Rail
      • Couplings
      • Bearings
      • Motor Mounting Brackets
      • Gears
    • Wheels
      • Mecanum Wheels
      • Omni Wheels
      • Heavy Duty Wheel
      • RC Car Wheel
      • Pulley Wheel & Track Belt
      • Caster Wheels
    • Carbon Fiber
      • Carbon Fiber Sheets and Strips
      • Carbon Fiber Tubes and Rods
    • Nuts-Bolts and Spacers
      • Countersunk(CSK) Screws
      • Socket Set Screws (Allen Grub)
      • Socket Head Cap Screw (Allen Bolt)
      • CHHD Screws
      • Nut and Washers
      • Nylon Nuts and Bolts
      • Spacer and Standoff
    • Soldering Tools
    • Workbench Tools
  • Services
    • PCB Manufacturing Service
    • Custom Battery Pack
    • Online SLA 3D Printing Service
    • Online FDM 3D Printing Service
    • Metal Laser Cutting Service
    • Non-Metal Laser Cutting Service
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    • Basic Electronic Components
      • Component Kit
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      • Inductor
      • Capacitor
      • Diode
      • Transistor
      • Crystal Oscillators
    • Semiconductor ICs
      • Microcontroller ICs
      • Interface ICs
      • Clock, Timer and Counter ICs
      • Sensor ICs
      • Optocoupler ICs
      • Converter ICs
      • Comparator ICs
      • Driver ICs
      • Encoder ICs
      • Audio ICs
      • IC Base
    • LEDs and Indicators
      • LEDs Kit
      • Pilot Lamp Indicator
      • LEDs with Holders
      • Through Hole LED
      • SMD LED
    • Miscellaneous Component
      • Potentiometer
      • Fuse
      • Buzzer/Speaker
      • Aluminium Heat Sink
      • Bread Board and Zero PCB
    • Mechanical Switches
    • Power Connectors
    • RF Connectors
    • Interface Connector
    • Berg / FPC / IDC Connector
  • DIY Learning and Robot Kits
    • Orange Premium Learning Kits
      • Orange Kits for Arduinos
      • Orange Kits for Raspberry Pi
      • Orange Electronic Component Kits
      • Orange DIY Mini Project Kits
    • DIY Hobby Project Parts
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    • Official Raspberry Pi Kits
    • Kits compatible with Arduino
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    • Flight Controller & Accessories
    • Motors
    • Speed Controllers (ESC)
    • Propellers
      • Upto 3 Inch
      • 3 Inch to 7 Inch
      • 8 Inch to 10 Inch
      • 11 Inch and Above
      • Carbon Fiber Propeller
      • Triblades
      • Propeller Accessories
    • Drone Transmitter & Receiver
    • Antennas
    • FPV Cameras
    • FPV Antennas and Trans-Receivers
    • Accessories
    • Camera Gimbal
  • E-Bike Parts
    • Ebike Kit
    • Ebike Motor and Controller
    • Ebike Battery
    • Mechanical Accessories
    • Electronics Accessories
  • 3D Printers and Parts
    • Creality 3D Printers
    • Electronics Parts
      • 3D Printer Display and Controllers
      • 3D Printer Extruder Kit
      • 3D Printer Extruder Parts and Fans
      • Stepper Motors and Accessories
      • 3D Printer Display and Controller
      • Limit Switch
    • Mechnical Parts
      • 3D Printer Heatbed and Accessories
      • 3D Printer Nozzle
      • Lead Screw and Nut
      • Linear Guide Rail
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
      • 3D Printer Couplings
      • Timing Belt and Pulley
      • Sleeves and Drag Chain
    • Filaments
      • ORANGE Premium Filaments
      • ESUN Filaments
      • Resins
  • Batteries, Chargers and Accessories
    • Lemon Premium Li-PO Battery
      • 2S Lipo (7.4V ~ 8.4V)
      • 3S Lipo (11.1V ~ 12.6V)
      • 4S Lipo (14.8V ~ 16.8V)
      • 6S LiPo (22.2V ~ 25.2V)
    • Orange LiPO Battery
      • 1 Cell (3.7-4.2)V
      • 2 Cell (7.4-8.4)V
      • 3 Cell (11.1-12.6)V
      • 4 Cell (14.8-16.8)V
      • 6 Cell (22.2-25.2)V
    • Micro LiPo Batteries
    • Orange Li-Ion Batteries
      • 1 cell (3.7V~4.2V)
      • 2 Cell (7.4V~8.4V)
      • 3 Cell (11.1V~12.6V)
      • 4 Cell (14.8V~16.8V)
      • 5 Cell (18.5V) & Above
    • Orange Premium BMS
    • Other Batteries
      • TX/RX Li-PO Batteries
      • LifePO4 Battery
      • Coin Cell Battery
      • CNC and PLC Machine Battery
    • Battery Accessories
      • Battery Protection Board
      • Battery Pack Accessories & Holders
      • Battery Chargers
      • Battery Connector
      • Battery Harness
      • Power Adapter and Cable
      • Lipo Voltage Checker
      • Parallel Charging Board
      • LiPO Battery Sack, Covers & Mats
  • Motors, Drivers, Actuators
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HomeBlogsHow to Make a Line Follower Robot Using Arduino – Connection & Code

How to Make a Line Follower Robot Using Arduino – Connection & Code

Blogs, Motor driver/Controller, Motors, Sensors, Tutorials  0  comments  2070 Views  Monday, May 3, 2021











As the name suggests, the line follower robot is an automated vehicle that follows a visual line embedded on the surface.

As the name suggests, the line follower robot is an automated vehicle that follows a visual line embedded on the surface. This visual line is a path on which the line follower robot runs. Generally, it uses a black line on a white surface, or you can adjust it as a white line on a black surface.

Usually, beginners and students would get their first robotic experience with this type of robot. In this project-based article, we have informed about how to make a line follower robot using Arduino.

In industries, giant line follower robots are used for assisting the automated production process. They are also used in military applications, human assistance purposes, delivery services, etc.

Working of Line Follower Robot

The concept of the line follower robot is related to light. Here, we use the behaviour of light on the black and white surface. The white colour reflects all the light that falls on it, whereas the black colour absorbs the light.

In this line follower robot, we use IR transmitters and receivers (photodiodes). They are used to send and receive the lights. When IR rays fall on a white surface, it is reflected towards IR receiver, generating some voltage changes.

When IR rays fall on a black surface, it is absorbed by the black surface, and no rays are reflected; thus, the IR receiver doesn’t receive any rays.

In this project, when the IR sensor senses a white surface, an Arduino gets 1 ( HIGH ) as input, and when it senses a black line, an Arduino gets 0 ( LOW ) as input. Based on these inputs, an Arduino Uno provides the proper output to control the bot.

Components Used

  • Arduino Uno
  • IR sensor
  • L293D motor driver
  • BO motor
  • Wheels
  • Lithium-ion battery
  • Jumper cables

Also, it requires the robot chassis to mount all the above components on it. Robot chassis is an optional component; you can make the robot chassis using cardboard also.

Arduino Uno

Arduino Uno is an 8-bit ATmega328P microcontroller. To support the microcontroller, it uses the components such as crystal oscillator, serial communication, voltage regulator, etc. It has 14 digital I/O pins( 6 pins can be used as PWM pins). It has six separate analog input pins, a USB connection, a Power barrel jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.

Arduino Uno board

This board is programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) platform via a type B USB cable. This board can be powered by a USB cable or an external voltage between 7 to 20 volts. To know more about an Arduino Uno, refer to the article, what is Arduino Uno?

Infrared Sensor

An infrared sensor emits the light to detect some surroundings. In the infrared spectrum, all the objects radiate some form of thermal radiation that is invisible to our eyes, but an IR sensor can detect these radiations.

Here, IR LED is an emitter, and the IR photodiode is a detector. An IR LED emits the IR light, and the photodiode is sensitive to this IR light. When IR light falls on the photodiode, the output voltages and the resistances will change in proportion to the magnitude of the received IR light.

IR sensor

The Infrared detection system uses the five essential elements: an infrared source, a transmission medium, optical component, infrared detectors, and signal processing. An infrared transmission can be done through the vacuum, atmosphere, and optical fibres. To know more about the IR sensor, refer to the article, working principle of IR sensor.

L298N Motor Driver

L298N is one of the easiest and chipset way to control DC motors. It is the two-channel motor driver that can control the speed and spinning direction of DC motors.

This L298N Motor Driver is a high-power motor driver module. It is used for driving DC and Stepper Motors. This motor driver consists of an L298N motor driver IC and a 78M05 5V voltage regulator, resistors, capacitor, power LED, 5V jumper in an integrated circuit.

L298N motor driver

When the jumper is placed, it enables the 78M05 Voltage regulator. When the power supply is less than or equal to 12V, the voltage regulator will power on the internal circuitry. When the power supply is more than 12v, then the jumper should not place and should give a separate 5v to power the internal circuitry.

Here, ENA & ENB pins are speed control pins for Motor A, and Motor B. IN1& IN2 and IN3 & IN4 are direction control pins for Motor A and Motor B.

BO Motors

BO Motor is known as Battery Operated motor. These motors are commonly used in hobby-grade projects where the user requires a small DC motor as a simple actuator.

BO motor

BO series linear motor provides good torque and rpm at lower operating voltages. The BO motors are available in single Shaft, Dual Shaft, and DC Plastic Gear BO. These motors consume low current. In this project, we have used four single shaft BO motors.

Lithium-ion Battery

A lithium-ion battery is a rechargeable battery. It is commonly used in portable devices such as mobiles, laptops, electronics, and electric vehicles. Also, they are growing in popularity for military and aerospace applications.

Lithium-ion battery

Lithium-ion battery provides 3.7V at storage mode and 4.2V at full charge mode. In this project, we have connected two lithium-ion batteries in series so that the total battery voltage will be 8.4V at full charge. To know more about the lithium-ion battery, refer to the article, working of lithium-ion battery.

Connection Diagram

Here, we have used four BO motors. Motors 1 & 2 are connected to the first channel of L298N, whereas motors 3 & 4 are connected to the second channel of the motor driver.

IN1, IN2, IN3, and IN4 pins are connected to pin 9, 6, 5, 3 of Arduino Uno. Here, we have used the jumper between +5V and enables pins (EN1 &EN2). You can remove it and make the external connection, as shown in the below image.

Line follower robot connection

Software & Programming Code

Download the Arduino IDE Software from the below link and upload the code into your board.

  • Arduino IDE 1.8.13
int mot1=9;
int mot2=6;
int mot3=5;
int mot4=3;

int left=13;
int right=12;

int Left=0;
int Right=0;

void LEFT (void);
void RIGHT (void);
void STOP (void);

void setup()
{
  pinMode(mot1,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(mot2,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(mot3,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(mot4,OUTPUT);

  pinMode(left,INPUT);
  pinMode(right,INPUT);

  digitalWrite(left,HIGH);
  digitalWrite(right,HIGH);
  
  
}

void loop() 
{
 
analogWrite(mot1,255);
analogWrite(mot2,0);
analogWrite(mot3,255);
analogWrite(mot4,0);

while(1)
{
  Left=digitalRead(left);
  Right=digitalRead(right);
  
  if((Left==0 && Right==1)==1)
  LEFT();
  else if((Right==0 && Left==1)==1)
  RIGHT();
}
}

void LEFT (void)
{
   analogWrite(mot3,0);
   analogWrite(mot4,30);
   
   
   while(Left==0)
   {
    Left=digitalRead(left);
    Right=digitalRead(right);
    if(Right==0)
    {
      int lprev=Left;
      int rprev=Right;
      STOP();
      while(((lprev==Left)&&(rprev==Right))==1)
      {
         Left=digitalRead(left);
         Right=digitalRead(right);
      }
    }
    analogWrite(mot1,255);
    analogWrite(mot2,0); 
   }
   analogWrite(mot3,255);
   analogWrite(mot4,0);
}

void RIGHT (void)
{
   analogWrite(mot1,0);
   analogWrite(mot2,30);

   while(Right==0)
   {
    Left=digitalRead(left);
    Right=digitalRead(right);
    if(Left==0)
    {
      int lprev=Left;
      int rprev=Right;
     STOP();
      while(((lprev==Left)&&(rprev==Right))==1)
      {
         Left=digitalRead(left);
         Right=digitalRead(right);
      }
    }
    analogWrite(mot3,255);
    analogWrite(mot4,0);
    }
   analogWrite(mot1,255);
   analogWrite(mot2,0);
}
void STOP (void)
{
analogWrite(mot1,0);
analogWrite(mot2,0);
analogWrite(mot3,0);
analogWrite(mot4,0);
  
}

Final Output

After uploading the code, if your bot is not running in the right direction, then change the wiring of BO motors. Also, calibrate both IR sensors by varying their potentiometer.

Below GIF shows the working of the line follower robot. Here, we have drawn the path on a white-coloured surface with black colour tape.

Final words

I hope this article helps you to understand how to make a line follower robot. The hobbyist people can make this for fun projects as well as science projects.


Tags : how to make line follower robot , line follower robot

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