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      • 3S Lipo (11.1V ~ 12.6V)
      • 4S Lipo (14.8V ~ 16.8V)
      • 6S LiPo (22.2V ~ 25.2V)
    • Orange LiPO Battery
      • 1 Cell (3.7-4.2)V
      • 2 Cell (7.4-8.4)V
      • 3 Cell (11.1-12.6)V
      • 4 Cell (14.8-16.8)V
      • 6 Cell (22.2-25.2)V
    • Micro LiPo Batteries
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      • 2 Cell (7.4V~8.4V)
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      • 4 Cell (14.8V~16.8V)
      • 5 Cell (18.5V) & Above
      • 6 Cell (22.2V-25.2V)
      • 10 Cell (36V)
      • 13 Cell (48V)
    • Orange Prismatic 1 cell (3.2V~3.6V) Battery
    • Orange Premium BMS
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      • Coin Cell Battery
      • CNC and PLC Machine Battery
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    • Planetary Gear Motor
      • Orange Planetary Gears Motor
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      • Orange Johnson Geared Motor
      • Johnson Geared Motor (Grade B)
      • DC Motor with Encoder
      • 25 GA Motors
      • Orange OG 555 DC Gear Motor
      • RS 50 Geared Motor
      • Orange RS 775 Base Motor
      • Orange PM33 Motor
      • Orange Square Gear Box Motor
      • Orange Rectangular Gearbox Motor
    • Other DC Motors
      • BO Motors
      • 12V DC Centre Shaft Metal Gear Motor
      • Plastic Gear Box Motors
      • Vibration Motor
      • Drone Motor
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      • Brushless DC Motor Driver (ESC)
    • N20 Micro Gear Motor
      • Micro Gear Motor with Encoder
      • Micro Gear Motor without Encoder
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      • Bearings
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      • Emax Servo Motor
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      • JR Servo Cable
      • Futaba Servo Cable
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    • Temp., Humidity, Gas & Environmental
      • Temperature & Humidity Sensor
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    • Biometric, Rotation, and Current
      • Biometric/ECG/EMG Sensor
      • Rotary Encoder
      • Current and Voltage Sensor
    • Load, Pressure, Flow & Vibration
      • Water TDS, pH, Flow, Level and Pressure Sensor
      • Vibration/Tilt Sensor and Modules
      • Load / Pressure / Force / Flex Sensor
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    • Real Time Module (RTC)
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    • Logic Level Converter
    • Buck Boost Voltage Regulators
      • Boost Converter (Step-Up )
      • Buck Converter (Step-Down)
    • Measuring Instruments
      • Digital Multimeter
      • Temperature Meter
      • Digital Voltage, Current and Frequency Meter
      • Signal Generator Module & Oscilloscopes
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      • 6 to 10 AWG
      • 12 to 16 AWG
      • 18 to 22 AWG
      • 24 to 30 AWG
    • Multi-Color Project Cables
      • DuPont / Jumper Cable
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      • JR Servo cable
      • Futaba servo cable
      • FFC Cable
    • Heat Shrink Tubing / Sleeve
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      • 1 mm to 4 mm
      • 5 mm to 10 mm
      • 11 mm and Above
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      • Wire Cutter / Stripper
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      • Sleeves and Drag Chain
  • Mechanical Parts and Workbench Tools
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      • Robot Chassis
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
      • Lead Screw
      • Linear Rail Guides
      • Couplings
      • Bearings
      • Motor Mounting Brackets
      • Gears
    • Robot Wheels
      • Mecanum Wheels
      • Omni Wheels
      • Heavy Duty Wheel
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    • Carbon Fiber
      • Carbon Fiber Sheets and Strips
      • Carbon Fiber Tubes and Rods
    • Nuts-Bolts and Spacers
      • Countersunk(CSK) Screws
      • Socket Set Screws (Allen Grub)
      • Socket Head Cap Screw (Allen Bolt)
      • CHHD Screws
      • Nut and Washers
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      • Spacer and Standoff
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  • Shop by Brands
  • New Arrivals
  • Refurbished
  • Partial Working
  • Electronic Components
    • Basic Electronic Components
      • Component Kit
      • Resistor
      • Inductor
      • Capacitor
      • Diodes
      • Power Transistors
      • Crystal Oscillators
    • Semiconductor ICs
      • Microcontroller ICs
      • Interface ICs
      • Clock, Timer and Counter ICs
      • Sensor ICs
      • Optocoupler ICs
      • ADC and DAC ICs
      • Comparator ICs
      • Motor and Display Driver ICs
      • Audio Amplifier ICs
      • IC Base
    • LEDs and Panel Indicator Lights
      • LED Diode Kit
      • Panel Indicator Lights
      • LEDs with Multi Hole Holders
      • Through Hole DIP LEDs
      • SMD LED
    • Miscellaneous Component
      • Potentiometer
      • Electric Fuse
      • Buzzer/Speaker
      • Aluminium Heat Sink
      • Bread Board and Zero PCB
    • PCT and DC Power Connectors
    • RF Connectors
    • Interface Connector
    • FFC, FPC, Berg connectors
  • DIY Learning and Robot Kits
    • Orange Premium Learning Kits
      • Orange Kits for Arduinos
      • Orange Kits for Raspberry Pi
      • Orange Electronic Component Kits
      • Orange Electronic Hobby kits
    • DIY Hobby Project Parts
    • Robot Kits and Parts
    • Drone Kit
    • DIY 3D Printer Kits
    • Ebike Kit
    • Official Raspberry Pi Kits
    • Kits compatible with Arduino
    • Sensor Kits
    • Component Kit
  • Drone Parts
    • Kits
    • Frames and Accessories
    • Flight Controller & Accessories
    • Motors
    • Speed Controllers (ESC)
    • Drone Propellers
      • Upto 3 Inch
      • 3 Inch to 7 Inch
      • 8 Inch to 10 Inch
      • 11 Inch and Above
      • Carbon Fiber Propeller
      • Triblades
      • Propeller Nuts and Accessories
    • Drone Transmitter & Receiver
    • Antennas
    • FPV Cameras
    • FPV Antennas and Trans-Receivers
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    • Camera Gimbal
  • E-Bike Parts
    • Ebike Kit
    • Ebike Motor and Controller
    • Ebike Battery
    • Mechanical Accessories
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  • Laser Engraver and CNC Machines
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      • 3D Printer Display and Controllers
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      • 3D Printer Extruder Parts and Fans
      • Stepper Motors and Accessories
      • 3D Printer Display and Controller
      • Limit Switch
    • Mechnical Parts
      • 3D Printer Heatbed and Accessories
      • 3D Printer Nozzle
      • Lead Screw and Nut
      • Linear Rail Guides
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
      • 3D Printer Coupling
      • Timing Belt and Pulley
      • Sleeves and Drag Chain
    • 3D Printer Filaments & Resins
      • eSun Resins
      • ESUN Filaments
      • Numakers Filaments
      • FlashForge Filaments
      • Creality Filaments
      • ORANGE Premium Filaments
  • Batteries, Chargers and Accessories
    • Custom Battery Pack
    • Lemon Premium Li-PO Battery
      • 2S Lipo (7.4V ~ 8.4V)
      • 3S Lipo (11.1V ~ 12.6V)
      • 4S Lipo (14.8V ~ 16.8V)
      • 6S LiPo (22.2V ~ 25.2V)
    • Orange LiPO Battery
      • 1 Cell (3.7-4.2)V
      • 2 Cell (7.4-8.4)V
      • 3 Cell (11.1-12.6)V
      • 4 Cell (14.8-16.8)V
      • 6 Cell (22.2-25.2)V
    • Micro LiPo Batteries
    • Lithium-Ion Batteries
      • 1 cell (3.7V~4.2V)
      • 2 Cell (7.4V~8.4V)
      • 3 Cell (11.1V~12.6V)
      • 4 Cell (14.8V~16.8V)
      • 5 Cell (18.5V) & Above
      • 6 Cell (22.2V-25.2V)
      • 10 Cell (36V)
      • 13 Cell (48V)
    • Orange Prismatic 1 cell (3.2V~3.6V) Battery
    • Orange Premium BMS
    • Other Batteries
      • LifePO4 Battery
      • Coin Cell Battery
      • CNC and PLC Machine Battery
    • Battery Accessories
      • Battery Protection Board
      • Battery Pack Accessories & Holders
      • Battery Chargers
      • Battery Connector
      • Battery Harness
      • Power Adapter and Cable
      • Lipo Voltage Checker
      • Parallel Charging Board
      • LiPO Battery Sack, Covers & Mats
  • Motors, Drivers, Actuators
    • Planetary Gear Motor
      • Orange Planetary Gears Motor
      • Orange Planetary BLDC Motors
      • Other Planetary Motors
    • Brushed DC Motor
      • Orange Johnson Geared Motor
      • Johnson Geared Motor (Grade B)
      • DC Motor with Encoder
      • 25 GA Motors
      • Orange OG 555 DC Gear Motor
      • RS 50 Geared Motor
      • Orange RS 775 Base Motor
      • Orange PM33 Motor
      • Orange Square Gear Box Motor
      • Orange Rectangular Gearbox Motor
    • Other DC Motors
      • BO Motors
      • 12V DC Centre Shaft Metal Gear Motor
      • Plastic Gear Box Motors
      • Vibration Motor
      • Drone Motor
    • Motor Drivers
      • Brushed DC Motor Driver
      • Servo Motor Driver
      • Stepper Motor Drivers
      • Brushless DC Motor Driver (ESC)
    • N20 Micro Gear Motor
      • Micro Gear Motor with Encoder
      • Micro Gear Motor without Encoder
    • Stepper Motor
    • Motor Accessories
      • Motor Mounting Brackets
      • Bearings
      • Couplings
    • Servo Motors and Accessories
      • Orange RC Servo Motors
      • Emax Servo Motor
      • Hitec Servo Motors
      • TowerPro and Other Servo Motors
      • JR Servo Cable
      • Futaba Servo Cable
      • Pull and Push Rod for Servo
      • Other Servo Accessories
    • Mini Pumps and Accessories
      • kamoer Peristaltic Pump
      • Generic Mini Pumps
      • Pneumatic Connectors and Valves
    • Cooling Fans
    • Linear Actuators
    • Solenoids & Electromagnets
  • Development Board
    • Single Board Computer
      • Seeed Studio SBC
      • Khadas SBC
      • ODROID SBC
      • BBC MicroBit Board
      • Chipsee Mini PC
      • LATTEPANDA Boards
      • AAEON SBC
      • Intel SBC
    • Raspberry Pi
      • Official Boards and Hats
      • Official Raspberry Pi Accessories
      • Kits
      • Raspberry Pi Hats
      • Raspberry Pi Case
      • Display
      • Camera
      • Accessories
    • Official Arduino Boards
      • Original Arduino Boards
      • Official Arduino Shields
      • Official Arduino Kits
    • 8051 Development Board
    • Teensy Board
    • Udoo Board
    • ARM Microcontroller
    • PIC Development board
    • PIC Programmer
    • Advance Development Boards
    • Compatible with Arduino Boards
      • Boards
      • Shields
      • Cables for Arduino
      • Displays
      • Case for Arduino
  • Raspberry Pi
    • Official Raspberry Pi Kits
    • Official Raspberry Pi Accessories
  • Official Arduino Boards
    • Original Arduino Boards
    • Official Arduino Shields
    • Official Arduino Kits
  • Display modules
    • HMI LCD Display
    • TFT LCD Displays
    • OLED Display
    • e-Ink Paper Display
    • Seven Segment Display
    • LED Dot Matrix Display
  • Sensors Modules
    • Sensor Kits
    • Ultrasonic and Proximity
      • MAXBOTIX Ultrasonic Sonar
      • Ultrasonic Sensors and Modules
      • Orange Proximity Sensor
      • Autonics Proximity Sensor
      • Other Proximity Sensor & Modules
      • LiDAR Sensor
      • Other Ultrasonic Sensors
    • Temp., Humidity, Gas & Environmental
      • Temperature & Humidity Sensor
      • Environmental Sensors
      • Gas and Dust Sensor
      • Thermoelectric Cooler
    • Motion, Light and Sound
      • PIR / IR and Optical Sensor
      • RFID Card, Tags & Reader
      • Light/Color Sensor
      • Line Sensor
      • Sound Sensor
    • Biometric, Rotation, and Current
      • Biometric/ECG/EMG Sensor
      • Rotary Encoder
      • Current and Voltage Sensor
    • Load, Pressure, Flow & Vibration
      • Water TDS, pH, Flow, Level and Pressure Sensor
      • Vibration/Tilt Sensor and Modules
      • Load / Pressure / Force / Flex Sensor
  • Cameras
    • IoT Cameras
    • FPV Cameras
    • Smart Vision Camera
    • Thermal Cameras
    • Raspberry Pi Camera
  • IoT and Wireless
    • Ai Thinker ESP Modules
    • Other ESP WIFI Modules
    • IoT Development Boards
    • xBee Zigbee Module
    • LORA Module
    • Bluetooth and NRF Modules
    • GPRS and GSM Modules
    • Transmitter and Receivers
    • IoT WIFI Smart Switches
  • Electronic Modules
    • Programming Module
    • Memory Interfacing
    • Communication Module
    • Bluetooth Interfacing
    • Ethernet Module
    • USB Interface Module
    • LED Module
    • LASER Module
    • RGB LED Strips and Drivers
    • Breakout Board
    • Relay Modules
    • Electronic Switches/Keypads Modules
    • Solar Panels and Controllers
    • Wearable Electronic
    • Real Time Module (RTC)
    • Audio Amplifier Module
    • Logic Level Converter
    • Buck Boost Voltage Regulators
      • Boost Converter (Step-Up )
      • Buck Converter (Step-Down)
    • Measuring Instruments
      • Digital Multimeter
      • Temperature Meter
      • Digital Voltage, Current and Frequency Meter
      • Signal Generator Module & Oscilloscopes
      • Other Measuring Instrument
    • Power Supply
      • Transformers
      • Switch Mode Power Supply
      • Hi-Link Power Supply Module
    • Display modules
  • Wires and Cables
    • PVC and Silicone Wires
      • PVC Wire
      • 6 to 10 AWG
      • 12 to 16 AWG
      • 18 to 22 AWG
      • 24 to 30 AWG
    • Multi-Color Project Cables
      • DuPont / Jumper Cable
      • Interfacing Cables
      • JR Servo cable
      • Futaba servo cable
      • FFC Cable
    • Heat Shrink Tubing / Sleeve
      • Heat Shrink Combos
      • 1 mm to 4 mm
      • 5 mm to 10 mm
      • 11 mm and Above
      • PVC Heat Shrink
    • Tools and Accessories
      • Wire Cutter / Stripper
      • Cable Ties
      • Sleeves and Drag Chain
  • Mechanical Parts and Workbench Tools
    • Mechanical Robotic Parts
      • Robot Chassis
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
      • Lead Screw
      • Linear Rail Guides
      • Couplings
      • Bearings
      • Motor Mounting Brackets
      • Gears
    • Robot Wheels
      • Mecanum Wheels
      • Omni Wheels
      • Heavy Duty Wheel
      • RC Car Wheel
      • Pulley Wheel & Track Belt
      • Caster Wheels
    • Carbon Fiber
      • Carbon Fiber Sheets and Strips
      • Carbon Fiber Tubes and Rods
    • Nuts-Bolts and Spacers
      • Countersunk(CSK) Screws
      • Socket Set Screws (Allen Grub)
      • Socket Head Cap Screw (Allen Bolt)
      • CHHD Screws
      • Nut and Washers
      • Nylon Nuts and Bolts
      • Spacer and Standoff
    • Soldering Tools
    • Workbench Tools
  • Services
    • PCB Manufacturing Service
    • Custom Battery Pack
    • Online SLA 3D Printing Service
    • Online FDM 3D Printing Service
    • Metal Laser Cutting Service
    • Non-Metal Laser Cutting Service
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      • Capacitor
      • Diodes
      • Power Transistors
      • Crystal Oscillators
    • Semiconductor ICs
      • Microcontroller ICs
      • Interface ICs
      • Clock, Timer and Counter ICs
      • Sensor ICs
      • Optocoupler ICs
      • ADC and DAC ICs
      • Comparator ICs
      • Motor and Display Driver ICs
      • Audio Amplifier ICs
      • IC Base
    • LEDs and Panel Indicator Lights
      • LED Diode Kit
      • Panel Indicator Lights
      • LEDs with Multi Hole Holders
      • Through Hole DIP LEDs
      • SMD LED
    • Miscellaneous Component
      • Potentiometer
      • Electric Fuse
      • Buzzer/Speaker
      • Aluminium Heat Sink
      • Bread Board and Zero PCB
    • PCT and DC Power Connectors
    • RF Connectors
    • Interface Connector
    • FFC, FPC, Berg connectors
  • DIY Learning and Robot Kits
    • Orange Premium Learning Kits
      • Orange Kits for Arduinos
      • Orange Kits for Raspberry Pi
      • Orange Electronic Component Kits
      • Orange Electronic Hobby kits
    • DIY Hobby Project Parts
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      • Upto 3 Inch
      • 3 Inch to 7 Inch
      • 8 Inch to 10 Inch
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HomeBlogsINTRODUCTION TO PIC

INTRODUCTION TO PIC

Blogs, Microcontroller/Microprocessor  0  comments  1330 Views  Saturday, February 6, 2021











In this blog we are going to see the introduction of PIC microcontroller, what are its application and why it is so much popular in wide areas of Embedded system.

Pic_Thumbnail

Hello people, today we are going to see about the PIC microcontroller, what is it, and why we do use it. PIC is a microcontroller, before going to the introduction to PIC we will see a basic definition of a microcontroller.

What is a Microcontroller?

A PIC stands for Peripheral interface controller may be a microcontroller which is intended by Microchip Technology. Initially, it was brought up as a Peripheral interface controller but over time, it's currently mentioned as Programmable Intelligent Computer. The large reason of PIC of holding a market is it's compatible with both hobbyists and industrial developers. 

Microchip

It has been used in wide applications like smartphones, medical devices, telecommunication devices. The strong features of PIC are it can be programmed for storing and running data through it.

Every PIC has some major and common units like:

  • Processor
  • Memory (RAM, ROM, EPROM)
  • Input/ Output ports
  • Serial and Parallel ports
  • Timer
  • counter
  • A-D converter or D-A converter
  • Flash memory (program memory)
  • SRAM memory (Data memory)
  • various crystal oscillators

Architecture

While learning a new microcontroller it is a good practice to learn its architecture first to understand the technicalities in a better way. PIC microcontroller supports RISC architecture, So let's look at some characteristics of RISC architecture:

  • Only 35 commands in an instruction set
  • Most of the instructions are single-cycle (2 clock cycles, or 4 clock cycles in 8-bit models)
  • you can calculate the execution time of the command on the basis of its clock frequency.
PIC16F8X BlockDiagram
PIC16F8X Block Diagram

The above diagram shows the basic architecture of PIC. let's have a basic understanding of subunits/ blocks

CPU

The CPU is subdivided into Accumulator, ALU, control unit. It supports normally RISC architecture.

What is RISC Architecture?

RISC, or Reduced Instruction Set Computer. is a type of microprocessor architecture that utilizes a small, highly-optimized set of instructions, rather than a more specialized set of instructions often found in other types of architectures.

Memory

Memory

Like any other microcontroller PIC also has a certain amount of RAM, ROM, EEPROM, SRAM, flash memory. Where ROM is used for storing data permanently, EEPROM and EPROM are the same as ROM only the difference is its memory can be erased optically or electrically when we want on necessary condition. RAM is the complex memory in PIC, as it is associated with various types of registers and bank modules. As its name suggests RAM (Random Access Memory) is used to store temporary data, which means when the power is gone data will be erased. Flash memory is a special type of memory used to Read, Write, store the data or a command multiple times, A PIC has a certain amount of Flash memory.

ADC & DAC

As the name says ADC converts analog voltage to digital voltage values. In PIC the ADC has a 10-bit resolution and 8 channels, Suppose you have to convert the analog voltage from 0 to 5v then you can convert it into 210 = 1024 different DC levels. The operating voltage of ADC is generally 5v. The converter stores the lower 8 bits in the ADRESL register and the upper bits in the ADRESH register. The operation of ADC is controlled by special function registers ADCON0 and ADCON1.

Input/Output Ports

For a reference, let's take an example of the PIC16 family, which mainly has 5 ports, Port A, B, C, D, E. The working of all the ports is almost the same like they all can be used as GPIO.

Port A: It is a 16-bit port, which can be used as an input or output port based on the status of the TRISA register.

Port B: It is an 8-bit port, which can be used as both an input and output port. 4 of its bits can be used as an interrupt when needed

Port C: It is an 8-bit port whose operation (input or output) is determined by the status of the TRISC register.

Port D: It is an 8-bit port, Apart from being an I/O port it can also act as a slave port for connection to the microcontroller bus.

Port E: It is a 3-bit port that serves the additional function of the control signals to the A/D converter.

Oscillators

In a mid-scale MCU family, the device is used for generating a clock frequency signal called oscillators, which is required for executing the instruction and peripherals of the function, PIC microcontroller consists of two types of oscillators, one is crystal and the other is RC oscillators. In RC oscillators the value of frequency depends upon the value of resistor and capacitor selected in the circuit. while in Crystal oscillator the crystal is connected between two oscillator pins and the value of the capacitor connected to each pin determines the mode of operation of the oscillator.

Timer & Counter

PIC microcontroller has a built-in Timer module that can be used for many applications like generating precise delay, Pulse counting, Pulse measurement. It 3 timers, out of which 2 are 8-bit times and 3rd is a 16-bit timer, it can also be used as a counter.

CCP module

CCP MODULE: CCP stands for Capture, Compare, and PWM. These are inbuilt modules in the pic microcontroller. It's a special module in the pic microcontroller designed for modulation and waveform generation applications. it's also wont to generate specific time delay. This module OF pic microcontroller contains a 16-bit register which might operate as:

16-bit Capture register
16-bit Compare register
10-bit PWM Master/Slave Duty Cycle register


CAPTURE MODE:

If a register constantly changes its value, this mode provides access to this state of that register. during this case, it's the timer TMR1 register.

COMPARE MODE:

This mode continually compares the values of two registers. One amongst that register is that the timer TMR1 register. When a predetermined amount of your time expires, this circuit also allows the user to trigger an external event.

PWM (PULSE WIDTH MODULATION)

This mode can generate signals of varying frequency and duty cycle one or more output pins.

Advantages

  • They are reliable and therefore the malfunctioning of PIC percentage is incredibly less. and therefore the performance of the PIC is extremely fast thanks to using RISC architecture.
  • Power conception is additionally very less in comparison to other microcontrollers.
  • After we see within the programmer's point of view interfacing is incredibly easy, also we can connect analog devices directly with no extra circuitry and use them. Programming is additionally very easy when to put next to other microcontrollers.

Disadvantages

  • The length of the program is big due to using RISC (35 instructions).
  • Program memory isn't accessible and only 1 single accumulator is present.

Application

The PIC microcontrollers have wide applications within the education likewise as industrial sectors. Almost in any industrial unit, a particular process is distributed, the microcontroller is employed. the benefits of using this microcontroller include low power consumption, high performance, supports hardware and software tools like simulators, compilers, and debuggers. Following are some general applications of PIC microcontrollers:

  • Automatic light intensity controller of street light
  • Object counter: displaying and monitoring (for the industry purpose)
  • Automatic Hand sanitizer
  • Color object sorting machine
  • RFID card and password-based Door lock system
  • Smart irrigation system
  • The smart ration card system
  • Finger-print based locker system
  • Face detection based Attendance system

These are some examples of an automatic system that you can easily achieve by PIC microcontroller.

Final Words

These are the overall summary of the microcontroller which included introduction architecture, its peripherals, and some applications. It is a versatile tool for making small scale embedded systems. Hope you will get basic information about PIC. If you have any doubt regarding something feel free to ask in the comment section.



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