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Robu.in | Indian Online Store | RC Hobby | Robotics
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      • Component Kit
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      • Microcontroller ICs
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      • Upto 3 Inch
      • 3 Inch to 7 Inch
      • 8 Inch to 10 Inch
      • 11 Inch and Above
      • Carbon Fiber Propeller
      • Triblades
      • Propeller Accessories
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    • Creality 3D Printers
    • Electronics Parts
      • 3D Printer Display and Controllers
      • 3D Printer Extruder Kit
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      • Limit Switch
    • Mechnical Parts
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      • Lead Screw and Nut
      • Linear Guide Rail
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      • 3S Lipo (11.1V ~ 12.6V)
      • 4S Lipo (14.8V ~ 16.8V)
      • 6S LiPo (22.2V ~ 25.2V)
    • Orange LiPO Battery
      • 1 Cell (3.7-4.2)V
      • 2 Cell (7.4-8.4)V
      • 3 Cell (11.1-12.6)V
      • 4 Cell (14.8-16.8)V
      • 6 Cell (22.2-25.2)V
    • Micro LiPo Batteries
    • Lithium-Ion Batteries
      • 1 cell (3.7V~4.2V)
      • 2 Cell (7.4V~8.4V)
      • 3 Cell (11.1V~12.6V)
      • 4 Cell (14.8V~16.8V)
      • 5 Cell (18.5V) & Above
    • Orange Premium BMS
    • Other Batteries
      • TX/RX Li-PO Batteries
      • LifePO4 Battery
      • Coin Cell Battery
      • CNC and PLC Machine Battery
    • Battery Accessories
      • Battery Protection Board
      • Battery Pack Accessories & Holders
      • Battery Chargers
      • Battery Connector
      • Battery Harness
      • Power Adapter and Cable
      • Lipo Voltage Checker
      • Parallel Charging Board
      • LiPO Battery Sack, Covers & Mats
  • Motors, Drivers, Actuators
    • Planetary Gear Motor
      • Orange Planetary Gears Motor
      • Orange Planetary BLDC Motors
      • Planetary Gear DC Motors
    • Brushed DC Motor
      • Orange Johnson Geared Motor
      • Johnson Geared Motor (Grade B)
      • DC Geared Motor with Encoder
      • 25 GA Motors
      • Orange OG 555 DC Motor
      • RS 50 Geared Motor
      • Orange RS 775 DC Motor
      • Orange PM33 Motor
      • Orange Square Gear Box Motor
      • Orange Rectangular Gearbox Motor
    • N20 Micro Gear Motor
      • Micro Gear Motor with Encoder
      • Micro Gear Motor without Encoder
    • Stepper Motor
    • Servo Motors
      • Orange RC Servo Motors
      • Emax Servo Motor
      • Other Servo motor
    • Pumps
      • Kamoer High Quality Pumps and Accessories
      • Generic Pumps
      • Pneumatic Connectors and Valves
    • Cooling Fans
    • Linear Motor/Actuator
    • Solenoids & Electromagnets
    • Other DC Motors
      • BO Motors
      • Metal Gear Box Motor
      • Plastic Gear Box Motors
      • Vibration Motor
      • Drone Motor
    • Motor Drivers
      • Brushed DC Motor Driver
      • Servo Motor Driver
      • Stepper Motor Drivers
      • Brushless DC Motor Driver (ESC)
    • Motor Accessories
      • Motor Mounting Brackets
      • Bearings
      • Couplings
      • JR Servo Cable
      • Futaba Servo Cable
      • Push Rod
      • Other Accessories
  • Development Board
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      • Original Arduino Boards
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  • Official Arduino Boards
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    • Seven Segment LED Display
    • LED Dot Matrix Display
  • Sensors
    • Sensor Kits
    • Ultrasonic and Proximity
      • MAXBOTIX Ultrasonic Sonar
      • Ultrasonic Sensor
      • Orange Proximity Sensor
      • Autonics Proximity Sensor
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      • LiDAR Sensor
      • Other Ultrasonic Sensors
    • Temp., Humidity, Gas & Environmental
      • Temperature & Humidity Sensor
      • Environmental Sensors
      • Gas and Dust Sensor
      • Thermoelectric Cooler
    • Motion, Light and Sound
      • PIR / IR and Optical Sensor
      • RFID Card, Tags & Reader
      • Light/Color Sensor
      • Line Sensor
      • Sound Sensor
    • Biometric, Rotation, and Current
      • Biometric/ECG/EMG Sensor
      • Rotary Encoder
      • Current and Voltage
    • Load, Pressure, Flow & Vibration
      • Water TDS, pH, Flow, Level and Pressure Sensor
      • Vibration/Tilt Sensor and Modules
      • Load / Pressure / Force / Flex Sensor
  • Cameras
    • IoT Cameras
    • FPV Cameras
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    • Raspberry Pi Camera
  • IoT and Wireless
    • Ai Thinker ESP Modules and Development Boards
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    • Development Board/Kit
    • xBee Zigbee Module
    • LORA WiFi
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    • Wireless Smart Switches
  • Electronic Modules
    • Programming Module
    • Memory Interfacing
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    • Bluetooth Interfacing
    • Ethernet Module
    • Interface Module
    • LED Module
    • LASER Module
    • Addressable LED and Drivers
    • Breakout Board
    • Relay Switch Modules
    • Electronic Switches/Keypads
    • Solar Panels and Controllers
    • Wearable Electronic
    • Real Time Module (RTC)
    • Audio Module/ Amplifier
    • Mux-DeMux & Logic Converter
    • Voltage Regulator
      • Boost Converter (Step-Up )
      • Buck Converter (Step-Down)
    • Measuring Instruments
      • Digital Multimeter
      • Temperature Meter
      • Digital Voltage, Current and Frequency Meter
      • Oscilloscope & Signal Generator
      • Other Measuring Instrument
    • Power Supply
      • Transformers
      • SMPS
      • Hi-Link Power Supply Module
    • Displays
  • Wires and Cables
    • PVC and Silicone Wires
      • PVC Wire
      • 6 to 10 AWG
      • 12 to 16 AWG
      • 18 to 22 AWG
      • 24 to 30 AWG
    • Cables
      • DuPont / Jumper Cable
      • Interfacing Cables
      • JR Servo cable
      • Futaba servo cable
      • FFC Cable
    • Heat Shrink Tubing / Sleeve
      • Heat Shrink Combos
      • 1 mm to 4 mm
      • 5 mm to 10 mm
      • 11 mm and Above
      • PVC Heat Shrink
    • Tools and Accessories
      • Wire Cutter / Stripper
      • Cable Ties
      • Sleeves and Drag Chain
  • Mechanical Components and Workbench Tools
    • Mechanical Robotic Parts
      • Chassis
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
      • Lead Screw
      • Linear Guide Rail
      • Couplings
      • Bearings
      • Motor Mounting Brackets
      • Gears
    • Wheels
      • Mecanum Wheels
      • Omni Wheels
      • Heavy Duty Wheel
      • RC Car Wheel
      • Pulley Wheel & Track Belt
      • Caster Wheels
    • Carbon Fiber
      • Carbon Fiber Sheets and Strips
      • Carbon Fiber Tubes and Rods
    • Nuts-Bolts and Spacers
      • Countersunk(CSK) Screws
      • Socket Set Screws (Allen Grub)
      • Socket Head Cap Screw (Allen Bolt)
      • CHHD Screws
      • Nut and Washers
      • Nylon Nuts and Bolts
      • Spacer and Standoff
    • Soldering Tools
    • Workbench Tools
  • Services
    • PCB Manufacturing Service
    • Custom Battery Pack
    • Online SLA 3D Printing Service
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All Categories
  • Shop by Brands
  • New Arrivals
  • Refurbished
  • Partial Working
  • Electronic Components
    • Basic Electronic Components
      • Component Kit
      • Resistor
      • Inductor
      • Capacitor
      • Diode
      • Transistor
      • Crystal Oscillators
    • Semiconductor ICs
      • Microcontroller ICs
      • Interface ICs
      • Clock, Timer and Counter ICs
      • Sensor ICs
      • Optocoupler ICs
      • Converter ICs
      • Comparator ICs
      • Driver ICs
      • Encoder ICs
      • Audio ICs
      • IC Base
    • LEDs and Indicators
      • LEDs Kit
      • Pilot Lamp Indicator
      • LEDs with Holders
      • Through Hole LED
      • SMD LED
    • Miscellaneous Component
      • Potentiometer
      • Fuse
      • Buzzer/Speaker
      • Aluminium Heat Sink
      • Bread Board and Zero PCB
    • Mechanical Switches
    • Power Connectors
    • RF Connectors
    • Interface Connector
    • Berg / FPC / IDC Connector
  • DIY Learning and Robot Kits
    • Orange Premium Learning Kits
      • Orange Kits for Arduinos
      • Orange Kits for Raspberry Pi
      • Orange Electronic Component Kits
      • Orange DIY Mini Project Kits
    • DIY Hobby Project Parts
    • Robot Kits and Parts
    • Drone Kit
    • DIY 3D Printer Kits
    • Ebike Kit
    • Official Raspberry Pi Kits
    • Kits compatible with Arduino
    • Sensor Kits
    • Component Kit
  • Drone Parts
    • Kits
    • Frames and Accessories
    • Flight Controller & Accessories
    • Motors
    • Speed Controllers (ESC)
    • Propellers
      • Upto 3 Inch
      • 3 Inch to 7 Inch
      • 8 Inch to 10 Inch
      • 11 Inch and Above
      • Carbon Fiber Propeller
      • Triblades
      • Propeller Accessories
    • Drone Transmitter & Receiver
    • Antennas
    • FPV Cameras
    • FPV Antennas and Trans-Receivers
    • Accessories
    • Camera Gimbal
  • E-Bike Parts
    • Ebike Kit
    • Ebike Motor and Controller
    • Ebike Battery
    • Mechanical Accessories
    • Electronics Accessories
  • 3D Printers and Parts
    • Creality 3D Printers
    • Electronics Parts
      • 3D Printer Display and Controllers
      • 3D Printer Extruder Kit
      • 3D Printer Extruder Parts and Fans
      • Stepper Motors and Accessories
      • 3D Printer Display and Controller
      • Limit Switch
    • Mechnical Parts
      • 3D Printer Heatbed and Accessories
      • 3D Printer Nozzle
      • Lead Screw and Nut
      • Linear Guide Rail
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
      • 3D Printer Couplings
      • Timing Belt and Pulley
      • Sleeves and Drag Chain
    • 3D Printer Filaments
      • ORANGE Premium Filaments
      • ESUN Filaments
      • Resins
  • Batteries, Chargers and Accessories
    • Custom Battery Pack
    • Lemon Premium Li-PO Battery
      • 2S Lipo (7.4V ~ 8.4V)
      • 3S Lipo (11.1V ~ 12.6V)
      • 4S Lipo (14.8V ~ 16.8V)
      • 6S LiPo (22.2V ~ 25.2V)
    • Orange LiPO Battery
      • 1 Cell (3.7-4.2)V
      • 2 Cell (7.4-8.4)V
      • 3 Cell (11.1-12.6)V
      • 4 Cell (14.8-16.8)V
      • 6 Cell (22.2-25.2)V
    • Micro LiPo Batteries
    • Lithium-Ion Batteries
      • 1 cell (3.7V~4.2V)
      • 2 Cell (7.4V~8.4V)
      • 3 Cell (11.1V~12.6V)
      • 4 Cell (14.8V~16.8V)
      • 5 Cell (18.5V) & Above
    • Orange Premium BMS
    • Other Batteries
      • TX/RX Li-PO Batteries
      • LifePO4 Battery
      • Coin Cell Battery
      • CNC and PLC Machine Battery
    • Battery Accessories
      • Battery Protection Board
      • Battery Pack Accessories & Holders
      • Battery Chargers
      • Battery Connector
      • Battery Harness
      • Power Adapter and Cable
      • Lipo Voltage Checker
      • Parallel Charging Board
      • LiPO Battery Sack, Covers & Mats
  • Motors, Drivers, Actuators
    • Planetary Gear Motor
      • Orange Planetary Gears Motor
      • Orange Planetary BLDC Motors
      • Planetary Gear DC Motors
    • Brushed DC Motor
      • Orange Johnson Geared Motor
      • Johnson Geared Motor (Grade B)
      • DC Geared Motor with Encoder
      • 25 GA Motors
      • Orange OG 555 DC Motor
      • RS 50 Geared Motor
      • Orange RS 775 DC Motor
      • Orange PM33 Motor
      • Orange Square Gear Box Motor
      • Orange Rectangular Gearbox Motor
    • N20 Micro Gear Motor
      • Micro Gear Motor with Encoder
      • Micro Gear Motor without Encoder
    • Stepper Motor
    • Servo Motors
      • Orange RC Servo Motors
      • Emax Servo Motor
      • Other Servo motor
    • Pumps
      • Kamoer High Quality Pumps and Accessories
      • Generic Pumps
      • Pneumatic Connectors and Valves
    • Cooling Fans
    • Linear Motor/Actuator
    • Solenoids & Electromagnets
    • Other DC Motors
      • BO Motors
      • Metal Gear Box Motor
      • Plastic Gear Box Motors
      • Vibration Motor
      • Drone Motor
    • Motor Drivers
      • Brushed DC Motor Driver
      • Servo Motor Driver
      • Stepper Motor Drivers
      • Brushless DC Motor Driver (ESC)
    • Motor Accessories
      • Motor Mounting Brackets
      • Bearings
      • Couplings
      • JR Servo Cable
      • Futaba Servo Cable
      • Push Rod
      • Other Accessories
  • Development Board
    • Official Arduino Boards
      • Original Arduino Boards
      • Official Arduino Shields
      • Official Arduino Kits
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    • 8051 Board
    • Single Board Computer
    • Teensy Board
    • Udoo Board
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    • PIC Development board
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    • Advance Development Boards
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      • Boards
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    • e-Ink Display
    • Seven Segment LED Display
    • LED Dot Matrix Display
  • Sensors
    • Sensor Kits
    • Ultrasonic and Proximity
      • MAXBOTIX Ultrasonic Sonar
      • Ultrasonic Sensor
      • Orange Proximity Sensor
      • Autonics Proximity Sensor
      • Other Proximity Sensor & Modules
      • LiDAR Sensor
      • Other Ultrasonic Sensors
    • Temp., Humidity, Gas & Environmental
      • Temperature & Humidity Sensor
      • Environmental Sensors
      • Gas and Dust Sensor
      • Thermoelectric Cooler
    • Motion, Light and Sound
      • PIR / IR and Optical Sensor
      • RFID Card, Tags & Reader
      • Light/Color Sensor
      • Line Sensor
      • Sound Sensor
    • Biometric, Rotation, and Current
      • Biometric/ECG/EMG Sensor
      • Rotary Encoder
      • Current and Voltage
    • Load, Pressure, Flow & Vibration
      • Water TDS, pH, Flow, Level and Pressure Sensor
      • Vibration/Tilt Sensor and Modules
      • Load / Pressure / Force / Flex Sensor
  • Cameras
    • IoT Cameras
    • FPV Cameras
    • Smart Vision Camera
    • Thermal Cameras
    • Raspberry Pi Camera
  • IoT and Wireless
    • Ai Thinker ESP Modules and Development Boards
    • ESP WiFi Module
    • Development Board/Kit
    • xBee Zigbee Module
    • LORA WiFi
    • Bluetooth and NRF Modules
    • GSM / GPRS Modules
    • Transmitter and Receivers
    • Advance Controller Board
    • Wireless Smart Switches
  • Electronic Modules
    • Programming Module
    • Memory Interfacing
    • Communication Module
    • Bluetooth Interfacing
    • Ethernet Module
    • Interface Module
    • LED Module
    • LASER Module
    • Addressable LED and Drivers
    • Breakout Board
    • Relay Switch Modules
    • Electronic Switches/Keypads
    • Solar Panels and Controllers
    • Wearable Electronic
    • Real Time Module (RTC)
    • Audio Module/ Amplifier
    • Mux-DeMux & Logic Converter
    • Voltage Regulator
      • Boost Converter (Step-Up )
      • Buck Converter (Step-Down)
    • Measuring Instruments
      • Digital Multimeter
      • Temperature Meter
      • Digital Voltage, Current and Frequency Meter
      • Oscilloscope & Signal Generator
      • Other Measuring Instrument
    • Power Supply
      • Transformers
      • SMPS
      • Hi-Link Power Supply Module
    • Displays
  • Wires and Cables
    • PVC and Silicone Wires
      • PVC Wire
      • 6 to 10 AWG
      • 12 to 16 AWG
      • 18 to 22 AWG
      • 24 to 30 AWG
    • Cables
      • DuPont / Jumper Cable
      • Interfacing Cables
      • JR Servo cable
      • Futaba servo cable
      • FFC Cable
    • Heat Shrink Tubing / Sleeve
      • Heat Shrink Combos
      • 1 mm to 4 mm
      • 5 mm to 10 mm
      • 11 mm and Above
      • PVC Heat Shrink
    • Tools and Accessories
      • Wire Cutter / Stripper
      • Cable Ties
      • Sleeves and Drag Chain
  • Mechanical Components and Workbench Tools
    • Mechanical Robotic Parts
      • Chassis
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
      • Lead Screw
      • Linear Guide Rail
      • Couplings
      • Bearings
      • Motor Mounting Brackets
      • Gears
    • Wheels
      • Mecanum Wheels
      • Omni Wheels
      • Heavy Duty Wheel
      • RC Car Wheel
      • Pulley Wheel & Track Belt
      • Caster Wheels
    • Carbon Fiber
      • Carbon Fiber Sheets and Strips
      • Carbon Fiber Tubes and Rods
    • Nuts-Bolts and Spacers
      • Countersunk(CSK) Screws
      • Socket Set Screws (Allen Grub)
      • Socket Head Cap Screw (Allen Bolt)
      • CHHD Screws
      • Nut and Washers
      • Nylon Nuts and Bolts
      • Spacer and Standoff
    • Soldering Tools
    • Workbench Tools
  • Services
    • PCB Manufacturing Service
    • Custom Battery Pack
    • Online SLA 3D Printing Service
    • Online FDM 3D Printing Service
    • Metal Laser Cutting Service
    • Non-Metal Laser Cutting Service
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      • Diode
      • Transistor
      • Crystal Oscillators
    • Semiconductor ICs
      • Microcontroller ICs
      • Interface ICs
      • Clock, Timer and Counter ICs
      • Sensor ICs
      • Optocoupler ICs
      • Converter ICs
      • Comparator ICs
      • Driver ICs
      • Encoder ICs
      • Audio ICs
      • IC Base
    • LEDs and Indicators
      • LEDs Kit
      • Pilot Lamp Indicator
      • LEDs with Holders
      • Through Hole LED
      • SMD LED
    • Miscellaneous Component
      • Potentiometer
      • Fuse
      • Buzzer/Speaker
      • Aluminium Heat Sink
      • Bread Board and Zero PCB
    • Mechanical Switches
    • Power Connectors
    • RF Connectors
    • Interface Connector
    • Berg / FPC / IDC Connector
  • DIY Learning and Robot Kits
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      • Upto 3 Inch
      • 3 Inch to 7 Inch
      • 8 Inch to 10 Inch
      • 11 Inch and Above
      • Carbon Fiber Propeller
      • Triblades
      • Propeller Accessories
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    • FPV Antennas and Trans-Receivers
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  • E-Bike Parts
    • Ebike Kit
    • Ebike Motor and Controller
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  • 3D Printers and Parts
    • Creality 3D Printers
    • Electronics Parts
      • 3D Printer Display and Controllers
      • 3D Printer Extruder Kit
      • 3D Printer Extruder Parts and Fans
      • Stepper Motors and Accessories
      • 3D Printer Display and Controller
      • Limit Switch
    • Mechnical Parts
      • 3D Printer Heatbed and Accessories
      • 3D Printer Nozzle
      • Lead Screw and Nut
      • Linear Guide Rail
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
      • 3D Printer Couplings
      • Timing Belt and Pulley
      • Sleeves and Drag Chain
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      • ORANGE Premium Filaments
      • ESUN Filaments
      • Resins
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    • Custom Battery Pack
    • Lemon Premium Li-PO Battery
      • 2S Lipo (7.4V ~ 8.4V)
      • 3S Lipo (11.1V ~ 12.6V)
      • 4S Lipo (14.8V ~ 16.8V)
      • 6S LiPo (22.2V ~ 25.2V)
    • Orange LiPO Battery
      • 1 Cell (3.7-4.2)V
      • 2 Cell (7.4-8.4)V
      • 3 Cell (11.1-12.6)V
      • 4 Cell (14.8-16.8)V
      • 6 Cell (22.2-25.2)V
    • Micro LiPo Batteries
    • Lithium-Ion Batteries
      • 1 cell (3.7V~4.2V)
      • 2 Cell (7.4V~8.4V)
      • 3 Cell (11.1V~12.6V)
      • 4 Cell (14.8V~16.8V)
      • 5 Cell (18.5V) & Above
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HomeBlogsWhat is LoRa?

What is LoRa?

Blogs, Development boards  0  comments  836 Views  Friday, May 21, 2021











You might have heard about the LoRa while studying some IoT stuff, but do you know what exactly the LoRa technology is, how it works? In today’s topic, we will cover all these things.

While searching the most important IoT technology, I found that the LoRa comes under the top 10 technology. But what makes this technology so important? You might hear about a LoRa while working on some IoT projects.

The question might come into your mind, What is LoRa? What is LoRaWAN? and what is the difference between LoRa and LoRaWAN? Today we will clear all the doubts in this blog.

Introduction to LoRa

The name LoRa came from LO- long, RA- range. In the growing area of IoT (Internet of Things), LoRa plays a very important technology. It is a Low-power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) modulation technique.

This wireless technology is developed and patented by Semtech technology and deals with only the physical layer of the OSI reference module. It utilizes a spread spectrum modulation in the Sub-GHz band to enable long-range (greater than 15 km) coverage, low power consumption (up to 10 years battery power), high network capacity (up to 1 million nodes), robust communication, and localization capability.

LoRa technique used CSS (chirp spread spectrum) modulation technique. It is one of the Low- power and long-range communication methods for M2M and IoT applications.

Why LoRa?

Let's take an example, you have a big farm, and you want to measure the humidity of the soil for every corner of the farm, So you make a setup of several numbers of sensors on every 800 meters of area.

Your farm is 15km away from your home. Considering the range of communication, you may select the GSM technology for getting the humidity value of your farm. But if you are going to implement this technology at multiple nodes, the system in the farm will consume more power.

As cellular wan consumes more power, you have to make a battery charging provision for this system. Don't you agree? How often you charge your mobile? I charge my mobile daily.

Instead of this, if you use the LoRa module for the 15 km range, it will consume very little power than you can use 18650 cells for few months. It is that much convenient in terms of power and connectivity.

Most of the communication areas like Zigbee, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth have a very short range of communication. So if you want to monitor your farm, which is probably 12- 25 km away from your home, Lo-Ra is the best option for getting the data over the internet.

The reason behind getting such a long-range of communication is its narrow bandwidth. What happens in the communication protocols like Zigbee, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi, etc.

They have wider bandwidth to transfer data. That's why the communication range gets shorter. That's the reason why they can not communicate after few meters of range.

It is one of the advantages of Lo- Ra. When you want to send data over a long range, it is the most significant device. It is because it consumes very Low-power for transmitting the data.

Specification of LoRa

Following are the specifications of the LoRa module:

  • Frequency band uses: 433, 868, 915 Mhz
  • Mode of Communication: Half-duplex SPI communication
  • Frequency Width: from 300 bps to 125 kbps
  • Standard: IEEE 802.15.4g
  • Modulation: Spread spectrum modulation type based on FM pulses which vary (Eg. FSK,GFSK,MSK,GMSK, LoRa)
  • Communication is natively bidirectional and unlimited (to ISM band local regulations)
  • Wide offer in gateways: macro-gateways, pico-gateways for in-home usage, indoor gateways.
  • Lo-Ra wireless modules also support sensors with serial interface (I2C, UART, SDI-12)
  • Lo-Ra physical Layer: Frequency, power, modulation, and signaling between nodes and gateways
  • one LoRa networks can connect thousands of nodes

Here in the below image, we added the comparison of Lora with other technologies.

How LoRa works?

The LoRa technology-based devices have a modem that communicates locally with central process modules called gateways. It is just the same as your phone uses a cell tower to send and receive information. A gateway is a node between the sensor and the server.

The network server communicates with the gateway via the internet and will tell how to interact with the sensor. It works on a spread spectrum modulation technique. This modulation technique is derived from the chirp spread spectrum.

Communication Method Used in LoRa

LoRa communication is based on spread spectrum modulation. It is derived from the chirp spread spectrum.

CSS(Chirp spread spectrum) modulation techniques have low power characteristics like FSK modulation, which can be used for long-range communication.

What is Chirp Spread Spectrum?

CSS(Chirp spread spectrum) is a technique that uses wideband linear frequency chirp pulses to encode the data. A chirp is a sinewave signal whose frequency is increases or decreases over time. Its digital circuit consists of a modulator containing an encoder and interleaver.

The encoder converter data into different formats using a gray code converter. Gray code conversion supports the error correction by assigning each successive bit a sequential code word that varies by a single bit.

It gives contribution to long-range coherence to the system. The gray coded bits go through the filter and amplifier before it goes to the 'I' and 'Q' mixer, at which the data is mixed with the carrier frequency.

The Gray-coded data modulate the carrier signal to create chirps that maintain constant amplitude. But it varies in frequency from a within-band starting frequency to either an up or down ending frequency and has both 'I' and 'Q' components.

The frequency variation from chirp to chirp results in an effective counter against interference, frequency hopping. It helps the LoRa waveform maintain coherence over long ranges. The wideband spread spectrum modulation also allows the transmitter to use less power than narrowband modulation.

The resulting signals sent the mixers and go through a power amplifier, T/R switch, matching network, and antenna.

These things make this modulation technique effective and support low power, low data rate, and coherent long-range communications.

Difference between LoRa and LoRa-WAN

Before reading and studying details about Lo-Ra, I was considering Lo-Ra and LoRaWAN are the same, but they are not.

LoRa

Lo-Ra is a communication method used to transmit radio signals over a chirp spread spectrum technique. It's a proprietary system made by chip manufacturer Semtech.

This radio chip works on a standard ISM band that uses Lo-Ra, which converts frequency to bits. Thus, it does not have any need to write a code to implement a radio system. In short, Lo-Ra is a lower-level physical layer technology that can use in a wide area of network application.

LoRaWAN

LoRaWAN is a point-to-multipoint networking protocol.It uses Semtech’s LoRa modulation scheme. LoRaWAN is a standard developed by the non-profit organization LoRa AllianceTM. It’s not just about the radio waves; it’s about how the radio waves communicate with LoRaWAN gateways to do things like encryption and identification.

It also includes cloud components that will connect to multiple gateways of LoRaWAN.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages

  • It provides long-range communication( can extend up to 100km). It is one of the biggest advantages and reasons for using the LoRa module.
  • LoRa modules use very low power, which means a 18650 cell can also run up to one year.

Disadvantages

  • It has lower bandwidth. You can not send a large amount of data at a time.
  • The lower data rate means you can only send sensor signals; you can not stream a video with this bandwidth.

Applications

Where can we use the LoRa module and LoRaWAN:

  • In facility management:
    Lighting automation
    Air conditioning
    Temperature measurement
    Energy Measuring
    Presence Detection
  • Healthcare applications:
    Pressure Monitoring
    Gas level Monitoring
    Cylinder Location
    Refrigerated storage temperature control
  • Factories and Industrial applications:
    Pressure Monitoring
    Gas Level Monitoring
    Tank and cylinder location
  • Airport service Management:
    Glycol Level Monitoring
    Runway Temperature Measurement
    Energy Efficiency Monitoring
    Glass vibration measurement while takeoff

Conclusion

From the above information, it has been concluded that if you want to send less data but at a long distance, then the LoRa module is a good choice for communication. It also provides security at high-end encryption means data can not be read easily by other parties.

The main purpose of LoRa is to connect the maximum number of sensors that are integrated with architecture-specific to IoT. I am thankful to you for reading this article completely. Please let me know if you have any doubt related to any LoRa module.



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