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      • Antennas
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      • Speed Controllers (ESC)
      • Drone Transmitter & Receiver
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      • Upto 3 Inch
      • 3 Inch to 7 Inch
      • 8 Inch to 10 Inch
      • 11 Inch and Above
      • Carbon Fiber Propeller
      • Triblades
      • Propeller Accessories
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    • Title-menu
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    • Electronics Parts
      • 3D Printer Heatbed and Accessories
      • Limit Switch
      • Stepper Motors and Accessories
      • 3D Printer Display and Controllers
      • Stepper Motor Drivers
    • Mechanical Parts
      • 3D Printer Extruder Kit
      • 3D Printer Extruder Parts and Fans
      • 3D Printer Nozzle
      • Lead Screw and Nut
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
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    • Lemon Premium Li-PO Battery
      • 2S Lipo (7.4V ~ 8.4V)
      • 3S Lipo (11.1V ~ 12.6V)
      • 4S Lipo (14.8V ~ 16.8V)
      • 6S LiPo (22.2V ~ 25.2V)
    • Orange LiPO Battery
      • 1 Cell (3.7-4.2)V
      • 2 Cell (7.4-8.4)V
      • 3 Cell (11.1-12.6)V
      • 4 Cell (14.8-16.8)V
      • 6 Cell (22.2-25.2)V
    • Orange Li-Ion Batteries
      • 1 cell (3.7V~4.2V)
      • 2 Cell (7.4V~8.4V)
      • 3 Cell (11.1V~12.6V)
      • 4 Cell (14.8V~16.8V)
      • 5 Cell (18.5V) & 6 cell (22.2V)
    • Orange Premium BMS
    • Other Batteries
      • TX/RX Li-PO Batteries
      • LifePO4 Battery
      • Coin Cell Battery
      • CNC and PLC Machine Battery
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      • Battery Protection Board
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      • Battery Connector
      • Battery Harness
      • Power Adapter and Cable
      • Lipo Voltage Checker
      • Parallel Charging Board
      • LiPO Battery Sack, Covers & Mats
  • Motors, Drivers, Actuators
    • Brushed DC Motor
      • Orange Johnson Geared Motor
      • Johnson Geared Motor (Grade B)
      • DC Geared Motor with Encoder
      • 25 GA Motors
      • Orange OG 555 DC Motor
      • RS 50 Geared Motor
      • Orange RS 775 DC Motor
      • Orange PM33 Motor
      • Orange Square Gear Box Motor
      • Orange Rectangular Gearbox Motor
    • Miscellaneous Motors
      • Servo Motors
      • AC Motor
      • Stepper Motor
      • BO Motors
      • Metal Gear Box Motor
      • Plastic Gear Box Motors
      • Drone Motor
      • Solenoids & Electromagnets
      • Linear Motor/Actuator
      • Cooling Fans
      • Pumps
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      • Motor Mounting Brackets
      • Bearings
      • Couplings
      • JR Servo Cable
      • Futaba Servo Cable
      • Push Rod
      • Other Accessories
    • Motor Drivers
      • Brushed DC Motor Driver
      • Brushless DC Motor Driver (ESC)
      • Stepper Motor Drivers
      • Servo Motor Driver
    • N20 Micro Gear Motor
      • Micro Gear Motor with Encoder
      • Micro Gear Motor without Encoder
      • Vibration Motor
    • Planetary Gear Motor
      • Orange Planetary Gears Motor
      • Orange Planetary BLDC Motors
      • Planetary Gear DC Motors
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      • Raspberry Pi
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  • Original Arduino Boards
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      • ARDUINO NANO 33 BLE
      • Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense
    • Other Arduino Board
      • Arduino OPLÀ IoT Kit
      • Arduino Tiny Machine learning Kit
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      • Arduino Portenta Vision Shield – LORA
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      • ARDUINO MKR WAN 1300
      • Arduino Micro without Headers
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    • Distance and Vision
      • LiDAR Sensor
      • RFID Card, Tags & Reader
      • Sound Sensor
      • Generic Ultrasonic Sensors
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      • Line Sensor
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      • Biometric/ECG/EMG Sensor
      • Rotary Encoder
      • Current and Voltage
    • Load, Pressure, Flow & Vibration
      • Water TDS, pH, Flow, Level and Pressure Sensor
      • Vibration/Tilt Sensor
      • Load / Pressure / Force / Flex Sensor
    • Sensor Kits
      • Sensor Kits Link and Image
  • Cameras
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      • Smart Vision Camera
      • Thermal Cameras
      • Raspberry Pi Camera
  • IoT and Wireless
    • IoT and Wireless
      • Ai Thinker ESP Wifi Modules
      • ESP WiFi Module
      • Development Board/Kit
      • xBee Zigbee Module
      • LORA WiFi
      • Bluetooth and NRF Modules
      • GSM / GPRS
      • Transmitter and Receivers
      • Advance Controller Board
      • Wireless Smart Switches
  • Electronic Modules
    • Displays
      • Seven Segment LED Display
      • LCD Displays
      • HMI LCD Display
      • OLED Display
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      • e-Ink Display
    • Interface Module
      • Programming Module
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      • Bluetooth Interfacing
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      • Memory Interfacing
    • LED and Laser Modules
      • LED Module
      • LASER Module
      • Addressable LED and Drivers
    • Miscellaneous Modules
      • Breakout Board
      • Relay Switch Modules
      • Electronic Switches/Keypads
      • Solar Panels and Controllers
      • Wearable Electronic
      • Real Time Module (RTC)
      • Audio Module/ Amplifier
      • Mux-DeMux & Logic Converter
    • Voltage Regulator
      • Boost Converter (Step-Up )
      • Buck Converter (Step-Down)
  • Electronic Components
    • Semiconductor ICs
      • Microcontroller IC
      • Amplifier ICs
      • Interface IC
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      • Optocoupler IC
      • Other Semicondutor ICs
      • IC Base
    • LED | Plugs / Connectors
      • LEDs Kit
      • LEDs
      • Through Hole LED
      • SMD LED
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    • Basic Electronic Components
      • Component Kit
      • Resistor
      • Inductor
      • Capacitor
      • Diode
      • Transistor
      • Crystal Oscillator
    • Miscellaneous Component
      • Potentiometer
      • Fuse
      • Mechanical Switches
      • Buzzer/Speaker
      • Aluminium Heat Sink
      • Bread Board and Zero PCB
  • Wires and Cables
    • PVC and Silicone Wires
      • PVC Wire
      • 6 to 10 AWG
      • 12 to 16 AWG
      • 18 to 22 AWG
      • 24 to 30 AWG
    • Cables
      • DuPont / Jumper Cable
      • Interfacing Cables
      • JR Servo cable
      • Futaba servo cable
      • FFC Cable
    • Heat Shrink Tubing / Sleeve
      • Heat Shrink Combos
      • 1 mm to 4 mm
      • 5 mm to 10 mm
      • 11 mm and Above
      • PVC Heat Shrink
    • Tools and Accessories
      • Wire Cutter / Stripper
      • Cable Ties
      • Sleeves and Drag Chain
  • Instruments & Tools
    • Measuring Instruments & Tools
      • Oscilloscope & Signal Generator
      • Ammeter, Voltmeter and Multimeter
      • Other measuring Instruments
      • Soldering Tools and Kits
      • Glue Gun & Sticks
      • Workbench Accessories
    • Power Supply
      • SMPS
      • Transformers
      • Hi-Link Power Supply Module
  • Mechanical
    • Mechanical Robotic Parts
      • Chassis
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
      • Lead Screw
      • Linear Guide Rail
      • Couplings
      • Bearings
      • Motor Mounting Brackets
      • Gears
    • Wheels
      • Mecanum Wheels
      • Omni Wheels
      • Heavy Duty Wheel
      • RC Car Wheel
      • Pulley Wheel & Track Belt
      • Caster Wheels
    • Carbon Fiber
      • Carbon Fiber Sheets and Strips
      • Carbon Fiber Tubes and Rods
    • Nuts and Bolts
      • Countersunk(CSK) Screws
      • Socket Set Screws (Allen Grub)
      • Socket Head Cap Screw (Allen Bolt)
      • CHHD Screws
      • Nut and Washers
      • Nylon Nuts and Bolts
      • Spacer and Standoff
0 ₹ 0.00
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  • Shop by Brands
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  • Orange Premium Learning Kits
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      • Speed Controllers (ESC)
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    • Propellers
      • Upto 3 Inch
      • 3 Inch to 7 Inch
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      • 11 Inch and Above
      • Carbon Fiber Propeller
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    • Title-menu
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      • 3D Printer Heatbed and Accessories
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      • Stepper Motor Drivers
    • Mechanical Parts
      • 3D Printer Extruder Kit
      • 3D Printer Extruder Parts and Fans
      • 3D Printer Nozzle
      • Lead Screw and Nut
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
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      • ORANGE Premium Filaments
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  • Lithium Batteries
    • Lemon Premium Li-PO Battery
      • 2S Lipo (7.4V ~ 8.4V)
      • 3S Lipo (11.1V ~ 12.6V)
      • 4S Lipo (14.8V ~ 16.8V)
      • 6S LiPo (22.2V ~ 25.2V)
    • Orange LiPO Battery
      • 1 Cell (3.7-4.2)V
      • 2 Cell (7.4-8.4)V
      • 3 Cell (11.1-12.6)V
      • 4 Cell (14.8-16.8)V
      • 6 Cell (22.2-25.2)V
    • Orange Li-Ion Batteries
      • 1 cell (3.7V~4.2V)
      • 2 Cell (7.4V~8.4V)
      • 3 Cell (11.1V~12.6V)
      • 4 Cell (14.8V~16.8V)
      • 5 Cell (18.5V) & 6 cell (22.2V)
    • Orange Premium BMS
    • Other Batteries
      • TX/RX Li-PO Batteries
      • LifePO4 Battery
      • Coin Cell Battery
      • CNC and PLC Machine Battery
    • Battery Accessories
      • Battery Protection Board
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      • Battery Connector
      • Battery Harness
      • Power Adapter and Cable
      • Lipo Voltage Checker
      • Parallel Charging Board
      • LiPO Battery Sack, Covers & Mats
  • Motors, Drivers, Actuators
    • Brushed DC Motor
      • Orange Johnson Geared Motor
      • Johnson Geared Motor (Grade B)
      • DC Geared Motor with Encoder
      • 25 GA Motors
      • Orange OG 555 DC Motor
      • RS 50 Geared Motor
      • Orange RS 775 DC Motor
      • Orange PM33 Motor
      • Orange Square Gear Box Motor
      • Orange Rectangular Gearbox Motor
    • Miscellaneous Motors
      • Servo Motors
      • AC Motor
      • Stepper Motor
      • BO Motors
      • Metal Gear Box Motor
      • Plastic Gear Box Motors
      • Drone Motor
      • Solenoids & Electromagnets
      • Linear Motor/Actuator
      • Cooling Fans
      • Pumps
    • Motor Accessories
      • Motor Mounting Brackets
      • Bearings
      • Couplings
      • JR Servo Cable
      • Futaba Servo Cable
      • Push Rod
      • Other Accessories
    • Motor Drivers
      • Brushed DC Motor Driver
      • Brushless DC Motor Driver (ESC)
      • Stepper Motor Drivers
      • Servo Motor Driver
    • N20 Micro Gear Motor
      • Micro Gear Motor with Encoder
      • Micro Gear Motor without Encoder
      • Vibration Motor
    • Planetary Gear Motor
      • Orange Planetary Gears Motor
      • Orange Planetary BLDC Motors
      • Planetary Gear DC Motors
  • Development Board
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      • Arduino Micro without Headers
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  • Sensors
    • Ultrasonic and Proximity
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      • Autonics Proximity Sensor
      • Generic Proximity Sensor
    • Distance and Vision
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      • RFID Card, Tags & Reader
      • Sound Sensor
      • Generic Ultrasonic Sensors
    • Temp., Humidity, Gas & Environmental
      • Temperature & Humidity Sensor
      • Environmental Sensors
      • Gas and Dust Sensor
      • Thermoelectric Cooler
    • Light and Sound
      • Light/Color Sensor
      • PIR and IR Sensor
      • Line Sensor
    • Biometric, Rotation, and Current
      • Biometric/ECG/EMG Sensor
      • Rotary Encoder
      • Current and Voltage
    • Load, Pressure, Flow & Vibration
      • Water TDS, pH, Flow, Level and Pressure Sensor
      • Vibration/Tilt Sensor
      • Load / Pressure / Force / Flex Sensor
    • Sensor Kits
      • Sensor Kits Link and Image
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      • Smart Vision Camera
      • Thermal Cameras
      • Raspberry Pi Camera
  • IoT and Wireless
    • IoT and Wireless
      • Ai Thinker ESP Wifi Modules
      • ESP WiFi Module
      • Development Board/Kit
      • xBee Zigbee Module
      • LORA WiFi
      • Bluetooth and NRF Modules
      • GSM / GPRS
      • Transmitter and Receivers
      • Advance Controller Board
      • Wireless Smart Switches
  • Electronic Modules
    • Displays
      • Seven Segment LED Display
      • LCD Displays
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      • OLED Display
      • LED Dot Matrix Display
      • e-Ink Display
    • Interface Module
      • Programming Module
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      • Memory Interfacing
    • LED and Laser Modules
      • LED Module
      • LASER Module
      • Addressable LED and Drivers
    • Miscellaneous Modules
      • Breakout Board
      • Relay Switch Modules
      • Electronic Switches/Keypads
      • Solar Panels and Controllers
      • Wearable Electronic
      • Real Time Module (RTC)
      • Audio Module/ Amplifier
      • Mux-DeMux & Logic Converter
    • Voltage Regulator
      • Boost Converter (Step-Up )
      • Buck Converter (Step-Down)
  • Electronic Components
    • Semiconductor ICs
      • Microcontroller IC
      • Amplifier ICs
      • Interface IC
      • WiFi ICs
      • Clock, Timer and Counter ICs
      • Sensor ICs
      • Optocoupler IC
      • Other Semicondutor ICs
      • IC Base
    • LED | Plugs / Connectors
      • LEDs Kit
      • LEDs
      • Through Hole LED
      • SMD LED
      • RF Connectors
      • Berg / FPC / IDC Connector
      • Power Connector
      • Interface Connector
    • Basic Electronic Components
      • Component Kit
      • Resistor
      • Inductor
      • Capacitor
      • Diode
      • Transistor
      • Crystal Oscillator
    • Miscellaneous Component
      • Potentiometer
      • Fuse
      • Mechanical Switches
      • Buzzer/Speaker
      • Aluminium Heat Sink
      • Bread Board and Zero PCB
  • Wires and Cables
    • PVC and Silicone Wires
      • PVC Wire
      • 6 to 10 AWG
      • 12 to 16 AWG
      • 18 to 22 AWG
      • 24 to 30 AWG
    • Cables
      • DuPont / Jumper Cable
      • Interfacing Cables
      • JR Servo cable
      • Futaba servo cable
      • FFC Cable
    • Heat Shrink Tubing / Sleeve
      • Heat Shrink Combos
      • 1 mm to 4 mm
      • 5 mm to 10 mm
      • 11 mm and Above
      • PVC Heat Shrink
    • Tools and Accessories
      • Wire Cutter / Stripper
      • Cable Ties
      • Sleeves and Drag Chain
  • Instruments & Tools
    • Measuring Instruments & Tools
      • Oscilloscope & Signal Generator
      • Ammeter, Voltmeter and Multimeter
      • Other measuring Instruments
      • Soldering Tools and Kits
      • Glue Gun & Sticks
      • Workbench Accessories
    • Power Supply
      • SMPS
      • Transformers
      • Hi-Link Power Supply Module
  • Mechanical
    • Mechanical Robotic Parts
      • Chassis
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
      • Lead Screw
      • Linear Guide Rail
      • Couplings
      • Bearings
      • Motor Mounting Brackets
      • Gears
    • Wheels
      • Mecanum Wheels
      • Omni Wheels
      • Heavy Duty Wheel
      • RC Car Wheel
      • Pulley Wheel & Track Belt
      • Caster Wheels
    • Carbon Fiber
      • Carbon Fiber Sheets and Strips
      • Carbon Fiber Tubes and Rods
    • Nuts and Bolts
      • Countersunk(CSK) Screws
      • Socket Set Screws (Allen Grub)
      • Socket Head Cap Screw (Allen Bolt)
      • CHHD Screws
      • Nut and Washers
      • Nylon Nuts and Bolts
      • Spacer and Standoff
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      • Speed Controllers (ESC)
      • Drone Transmitter & Receiver
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      • Upto 3 Inch
      • 3 Inch to 7 Inch
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      • 11 Inch and Above
      • Carbon Fiber Propeller
      • Triblades
      • Propeller Accessories
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    • Title-menu
    • e-Bike Parts and Kits
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      • Ebike Motor and Controller
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      • 3D Printer Heatbed and Accessories
      • Limit Switch
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      • Stepper Motor Drivers
    • Mechanical Parts
      • 3D Printer Extruder Kit
      • 3D Printer Extruder Parts and Fans
      • 3D Printer Nozzle
      • Lead Screw and Nut
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
      • 3D Printer Couplings
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      • Timing Belt and Pulley
      • Nut Insert
      • Sleeves and Drag Chain
      • Linear Guide Rail
    • Filaments
      • ORANGE Premium Filaments
      • ESUN Filaments
      • Resins
  • Lithium Batteries
    • Lemon Premium Li-PO Battery
      • 2S Lipo (7.4V ~ 8.4V)
      • 3S Lipo (11.1V ~ 12.6V)
      • 4S Lipo (14.8V ~ 16.8V)
      • 6S LiPo (22.2V ~ 25.2V)
    • Orange LiPO Battery
      • 1 Cell (3.7-4.2)V
      • 2 Cell (7.4-8.4)V
      • 3 Cell (11.1-12.6)V
      • 4 Cell (14.8-16.8)V
      • 6 Cell (22.2-25.2)V
    • Orange Li-Ion Batteries
      • 1 cell (3.7V~4.2V)
      • 2 Cell (7.4V~8.4V)
      • 3 Cell (11.1V~12.6V)
      • 4 Cell (14.8V~16.8V)
      • 5 Cell (18.5V) & 6 cell (22.2V)
    • Orange Premium BMS
    • Other Batteries
      • TX/RX Li-PO Batteries
      • LifePO4 Battery
      • Coin Cell Battery
      • CNC and PLC Machine Battery
    • Battery Accessories
      • Battery Protection Board
      • Battery Pack Accessories & Holders
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      • Battery Connector
      • Battery Harness
      • Power Adapter and Cable
      • Lipo Voltage Checker
      • Parallel Charging Board
      • LiPO Battery Sack, Covers & Mats
  • Motors, Drivers, Actuators
    • Brushed DC Motor
      • Orange Johnson Geared Motor
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HomeBlogsWhat are Pull-up and Pull-down resistors?

What are Pull-up and Pull-down resistors?

Blogs, Electronics Components and Tools  0  comments  795 Views  Sunday, December 27, 2020











The article will give you a better understanding of the pull-up and pull-down resistors.

pull up pull down resistors

Hello again! and welcome back to another informative article on a concept which is used widely in connecting many sensors. If you check out any digital electronic circuit, you’ll find pull-up and pull-down resistors in them. They are used to correctly bias the inputs of digital gates to stop them from floating around randomly when there is no input condition.

For any micro controller in an embedded system such as Arduino, pull-up and pull-down resistors utilize input and output signals for communication with external hardware devices, the General Purpose Input Output (GPIO). Implementing the pull-up and pull-down resistors in the circuit will let you achieve either ‘high’ or ‘low’ states. If you don’t implement it and there’s nothing connected to your GPIO pins, your program will read a “floating” impedance state. Now let's move ahead into brief explanation of them.

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Pull-up Resistors

A pull-up resistor is used to establish an additional loop over the critical components while making sure that the voltage is well-defined even when the switch is open. It is used to ensure that a wire is pulled to a high logical level in the absence of an input signal. They are simple fixed-value resistors connected between the voltage supply and the appropriate pin that defines the input or output voltage in the absence of a driving signal.

When the switch is open, the voltage of the gate input is pulled up to the level of the input voltage. When the switch is closed, the input voltage at the gate goes directly to the ground. You need to use a pull-up resistor when you have a low default impedance state and wish to pull the signal to ‘high’.

1.0 Pull-up resistor setup

In the figure above, a pull-up resistor with a fixed value was used to connect the voltage supply and a particular pin in the digital logic circuit. The pull-up resistor is paired with a switch to ensure that the voltage between Ground and VCC is actively controlled when the switch is open. At the same time, it will not affect the state of the circuit. If we do not use a pull-up resistor, it will result in a short circuit.

This is because the pin cannot be directly shorted to the ground or VCC as this will eventually damage the circuit. Following the principle of Ohm’s law, if there is a pull-up resistance, a small amount of current will flow from the source to the resistors and to the switch before reaching the ground.

Pull-down Resistors

On the other hand, a pull-down resistor is used to ensure that inputs to logic systems settle at expected logic levels whenever external devices are disconnected or of high impedance. It ensures that the wire is at a defined low logic level even when there are no active connections with other devices. The pull-down resistor holds the logic signal near to zero volts (0V) when no other active device is connected. It pulls the input voltage down to the ground to prevent an undefined state at the input.

It should have a larger resistance than the impedance of the logic circuit. Otherwise, it will make the input voltage at the pin on constant logical low value no matter the position of the switch. When the switch is open, the voltage of the gate input is pulled down to the level of the ground. When the switch is closed, the input voltage at the gate goes to Vin. Without the resistor, the voltage levels would virtually float between the two voltages.

1.1 Pull-down resistor setup

Just like the pull-up resistor in the first figure, the pull-down resistors in this circuit also ensures that the voltage between VCC and a microcontroller pin is actively controlled when the switch is open. Unlike the pull-up resistor, the pull-down resistor pulls the pin to a low value instead of high value.

The pull-down resistor which is connected to the ground or 0V sets the digital logic level pin to default or 0 until the switch is pressed and the logic level pin becomes high. Therefore, the small amount of current flows from the 5-V source to the ground using the closed switch and pull-down resistor preventing the logic level pin from getting shorted with the 5-V source.

Ideal Resistance Values for Pull-up and Pull-down Resistors

In choosing the value of the pull-up resistor, there are two considerations:

  • Power dissipation

When the button is pressed, the input pin is pulled low. The value of resistor near the supply controls how much current you want to flow from VCC through the button, and then to ground. High current will flow through the pull-up resistor if the resistance value is too low. It may cause unnecessary usage of power even when the switch is closed since the device will heat up. This condition is called a strong pull-up and should always be avoided when low power consumption is a requirement.

  • Pin voltage when the switch is open

When the button is not pressed, the input pin is pulled high. The value of the pull-up resistor controls the voltage on the input pin. When the switch is open and a high pull-up resistance value is combined with a large leakage current from the input pin, the input voltage can become insufficient. This is called having a weak pull-up. The pull-up resistor’s actual value depends on the impedance of the input pin that is closely related to the pin’s leakage current.

Based on the two conditions above, for pull-up resistors, you need to use a resistor that is at least 10 times smaller than the value of the input pin impedance. For logic devices that operate at 5V, the typical pull-up resistor value should be between 1-5 kΩ. On the other hand, for switch and resistive sensor applications, the typical pull-up resistor value should be between 1-10 kΩ.

For pull-down resistors, it should always have a larger resistance than the impedance of the logic circuit. Or else, it will pull the voltage down by too much and the input voltage at the pin would remain at a constant logical low value regardless of whether the switch is on or off.

So That was all for today's article. We learned what are pull up and pull down resistors in brief. If you have any suggestions or feedback, feel free to comment. Also share it with your friends. Peace Out!


Tags : pull down resistor , pull up resistor

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