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      • Antennas
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      • Speed Controllers (ESC)
      • Drone Transmitter & Receiver
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      • Upto 3 Inch
      • 3 Inch to 7 Inch
      • 8 Inch to 10 Inch
      • 11 Inch and Above
      • Carbon Fiber Propeller
      • Triblades
      • Propeller Accessories
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    • Title-menu
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    • Electronics Parts
      • 3D Printer Heatbed and Accessories
      • Limit Switch
      • Stepper Motors and Accessories
      • 3D Printer Display and Controllers
      • Stepper Motor Drivers
    • Mechanical Parts
      • 3D Printer Extruder Kit
      • 3D Printer Extruder Parts and Fans
      • 3D Printer Nozzle
      • Lead Screw and Nut
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
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    • Lemon Premium Li-PO Battery
      • 2S Lipo (7.4V ~ 8.4V)
      • 3S Lipo (11.1V ~ 12.6V)
      • 4S Lipo (14.8V ~ 16.8V)
      • 6S LiPo (22.2V ~ 25.2V)
    • Orange LiPO Battery
      • 1 Cell (3.7-4.2)V
      • 2 Cell (7.4-8.4)V
      • 3 Cell (11.1-12.6)V
      • 4 Cell (14.8-16.8)V
      • 6 Cell (22.2-25.2)V
    • Orange Li-Ion Batteries
      • 1 cell (3.7V~4.2V)
      • 2 Cell (7.4V~8.4V)
      • 3 Cell (11.1V~12.6V)
      • 4 Cell (14.8V~16.8V)
      • 5 Cell (18.5V) & 6 cell (22.2V)
    • Orange Premium BMS
    • Other Batteries
      • TX/RX Li-PO Batteries
      • LifePO4 Battery
      • Coin Cell Battery
      • CNC and PLC Machine Battery
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      • Battery Protection Board
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      • Battery Connector
      • Battery Harness
      • Power Adapter and Cable
      • Lipo Voltage Checker
      • Parallel Charging Board
      • LiPO Battery Sack, Covers & Mats
  • Motors, Drivers, Actuators
    • Brushed DC Motor
      • Orange Johnson Geared Motor
      • Johnson Geared Motor (Grade B)
      • DC Geared Motor with Encoder
      • 25 GA Motors
      • Orange OG 555 DC Motor
      • RS 50 Geared Motor
      • Orange RS 775 DC Motor
      • Orange PM33 Motor
      • Orange Square Gear Box Motor
      • Orange Rectangular Gearbox Motor
    • Miscellaneous Motors
      • Servo Motors
      • AC Motor
      • Stepper Motor
      • BO Motors
      • Metal Gear Box Motor
      • Plastic Gear Box Motors
      • Drone Motor
      • Solenoids & Electromagnets
      • Linear Motor/Actuator
      • Cooling Fans
      • Pumps
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      • Motor Mounting Brackets
      • Bearings
      • Couplings
      • JR Servo Cable
      • Futaba Servo Cable
      • Push Rod
      • Other Accessories
    • Motor Drivers
      • Brushed DC Motor Driver
      • Brushless DC Motor Driver (ESC)
      • Stepper Motor Drivers
      • Servo Motor Driver
    • N20 Micro Gear Motor
      • Micro Gear Motor with Encoder
      • Micro Gear Motor without Encoder
      • Vibration Motor
    • Planetary Gear Motor
      • Orange Planetary Gears Motor
      • Orange Planetary BLDC Motors
      • Planetary Gear DC Motors
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      • Raspberry Pi
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  • Original Arduino Boards
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      • ARDUINO NANO 33 BLE
      • Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense
    • Other Arduino Board
      • Arduino OPLÀ IoT Kit
      • Arduino Tiny Machine learning Kit
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      • Arduino Portenta Vision Shield – LORA
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      • ARDUINO MKR WAN 1300
      • Arduino Micro without Headers
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    • Distance and Vision
      • LiDAR Sensor
      • RFID Card, Tags & Reader
      • Sound Sensor
      • Generic Ultrasonic Sensors
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      • Line Sensor
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      • Biometric/ECG/EMG Sensor
      • Rotary Encoder
      • Current and Voltage
    • Load, Pressure, Flow & Vibration
      • Water TDS, pH, Flow, Level and Pressure Sensor
      • Vibration/Tilt Sensor
      • Load / Pressure / Force / Flex Sensor
    • Sensor Kits
      • Sensor Kits Link and Image
  • Cameras
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      • Smart Vision Camera
      • Thermal Cameras
      • Raspberry Pi Camera
  • IoT and Wireless
    • IoT and Wireless
      • Ai Thinker ESP Wifi Modules
      • ESP WiFi Module
      • Development Board/Kit
      • xBee Zigbee Module
      • LORA WiFi
      • Bluetooth and NRF Modules
      • GSM / GPRS
      • Transmitter and Receivers
      • Advance Controller Board
      • Wireless Smart Switches
  • Electronic Modules
    • Displays
      • Seven Segment LED Display
      • LCD Displays
      • HMI LCD Display
      • OLED Display
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      • e-Ink Display
    • Interface Module
      • Programming Module
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      • Bluetooth Interfacing
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      • Memory Interfacing
    • LED and Laser Modules
      • LED Module
      • LASER Module
      • Addressable LED and Drivers
    • Miscellaneous Modules
      • Breakout Board
      • Relay Switch Modules
      • Electronic Switches/Keypads
      • Solar Panels and Controllers
      • Wearable Electronic
      • Real Time Module (RTC)
      • Audio Module/ Amplifier
      • Mux-DeMux & Logic Converter
    • Voltage Regulator
      • Boost Converter (Step-Up )
      • Buck Converter (Step-Down)
  • Electronic Components
    • Semiconductor ICs
      • Microcontroller IC
      • Amplifier ICs
      • Interface IC
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      • Optocoupler IC
      • Other Semicondutor ICs
      • IC Base
    • LED | Plugs / Connectors
      • LEDs Kit
      • LEDs
      • Through Hole LED
      • SMD LED
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    • Basic Electronic Components
      • Component Kit
      • Resistor
      • Inductor
      • Capacitor
      • Diode
      • Transistor
      • Crystal Oscillator
    • Miscellaneous Component
      • Potentiometer
      • Fuse
      • Mechanical Switches
      • Buzzer/Speaker
      • Aluminium Heat Sink
      • Bread Board and Zero PCB
  • Wires and Cables
    • PVC and Silicone Wires
      • PVC Wire
      • 6 to 10 AWG
      • 12 to 16 AWG
      • 18 to 22 AWG
      • 24 to 30 AWG
    • Cables
      • DuPont / Jumper Cable
      • Interfacing Cables
      • JR Servo cable
      • Futaba servo cable
      • FFC Cable
    • Heat Shrink Tubing / Sleeve
      • Heat Shrink Combos
      • 1 mm to 4 mm
      • 5 mm to 10 mm
      • 11 mm and Above
      • PVC Heat Shrink
    • Tools and Accessories
      • Wire Cutter / Stripper
      • Cable Ties
      • Sleeves and Drag Chain
  • Instruments & Tools
    • Measuring Instruments & Tools
      • Oscilloscope & Signal Generator
      • Ammeter, Voltmeter and Multimeter
      • Other measuring Instruments
      • Soldering Tools and Kits
      • Glue Gun & Sticks
      • Workbench Accessories
    • Power Supply
      • SMPS
      • Transformers
      • Hi-Link Power Supply Module
  • Mechanical
    • Mechanical Robotic Parts
      • Chassis
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
      • Lead Screw
      • Linear Guide Rail
      • Couplings
      • Bearings
      • Motor Mounting Brackets
      • Gears
    • Wheels
      • Mecanum Wheels
      • Omni Wheels
      • Heavy Duty Wheel
      • RC Car Wheel
      • Pulley Wheel & Track Belt
      • Caster Wheels
    • Carbon Fiber
      • Carbon Fiber Sheets and Strips
      • Carbon Fiber Tubes and Rods
    • Nuts and Bolts
      • Countersunk(CSK) Screws
      • Socket Set Screws (Allen Grub)
      • Socket Head Cap Screw (Allen Bolt)
      • CHHD Screws
      • Nut and Washers
      • Nylon Nuts and Bolts
      • Spacer and Standoff
0 ₹ 0.00
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  • Shop by Brands
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  • Orange Premium Learning Kits
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      • Speed Controllers (ESC)
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    • Propellers
      • Upto 3 Inch
      • 3 Inch to 7 Inch
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      • 11 Inch and Above
      • Carbon Fiber Propeller
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    • Title-menu
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      • 3D Printer Heatbed and Accessories
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      • Stepper Motor Drivers
    • Mechanical Parts
      • 3D Printer Extruder Kit
      • 3D Printer Extruder Parts and Fans
      • 3D Printer Nozzle
      • Lead Screw and Nut
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
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      • ORANGE Premium Filaments
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  • Lithium Batteries
    • Lemon Premium Li-PO Battery
      • 2S Lipo (7.4V ~ 8.4V)
      • 3S Lipo (11.1V ~ 12.6V)
      • 4S Lipo (14.8V ~ 16.8V)
      • 6S LiPo (22.2V ~ 25.2V)
    • Orange LiPO Battery
      • 1 Cell (3.7-4.2)V
      • 2 Cell (7.4-8.4)V
      • 3 Cell (11.1-12.6)V
      • 4 Cell (14.8-16.8)V
      • 6 Cell (22.2-25.2)V
    • Orange Li-Ion Batteries
      • 1 cell (3.7V~4.2V)
      • 2 Cell (7.4V~8.4V)
      • 3 Cell (11.1V~12.6V)
      • 4 Cell (14.8V~16.8V)
      • 5 Cell (18.5V) & 6 cell (22.2V)
    • Orange Premium BMS
    • Other Batteries
      • TX/RX Li-PO Batteries
      • LifePO4 Battery
      • Coin Cell Battery
      • CNC and PLC Machine Battery
    • Battery Accessories
      • Battery Protection Board
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      • Battery Connector
      • Battery Harness
      • Power Adapter and Cable
      • Lipo Voltage Checker
      • Parallel Charging Board
      • LiPO Battery Sack, Covers & Mats
  • Motors, Drivers, Actuators
    • Brushed DC Motor
      • Orange Johnson Geared Motor
      • Johnson Geared Motor (Grade B)
      • DC Geared Motor with Encoder
      • 25 GA Motors
      • Orange OG 555 DC Motor
      • RS 50 Geared Motor
      • Orange RS 775 DC Motor
      • Orange PM33 Motor
      • Orange Square Gear Box Motor
      • Orange Rectangular Gearbox Motor
    • Miscellaneous Motors
      • Servo Motors
      • AC Motor
      • Stepper Motor
      • BO Motors
      • Metal Gear Box Motor
      • Plastic Gear Box Motors
      • Drone Motor
      • Solenoids & Electromagnets
      • Linear Motor/Actuator
      • Cooling Fans
      • Pumps
    • Motor Accessories
      • Motor Mounting Brackets
      • Bearings
      • Couplings
      • JR Servo Cable
      • Futaba Servo Cable
      • Push Rod
      • Other Accessories
    • Motor Drivers
      • Brushed DC Motor Driver
      • Brushless DC Motor Driver (ESC)
      • Stepper Motor Drivers
      • Servo Motor Driver
    • N20 Micro Gear Motor
      • Micro Gear Motor with Encoder
      • Micro Gear Motor without Encoder
      • Vibration Motor
    • Planetary Gear Motor
      • Orange Planetary Gears Motor
      • Orange Planetary BLDC Motors
      • Planetary Gear DC Motors
  • Development Board
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      • Arduino Micro without Headers
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  • Sensors
    • Ultrasonic and Proximity
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      • Autonics Proximity Sensor
      • Generic Proximity Sensor
    • Distance and Vision
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      • RFID Card, Tags & Reader
      • Sound Sensor
      • Generic Ultrasonic Sensors
    • Temp., Humidity, Gas & Environmental
      • Temperature & Humidity Sensor
      • Environmental Sensors
      • Gas and Dust Sensor
      • Thermoelectric Cooler
    • Light and Sound
      • Light/Color Sensor
      • PIR and IR Sensor
      • Line Sensor
    • Biometric, Rotation, and Current
      • Biometric/ECG/EMG Sensor
      • Rotary Encoder
      • Current and Voltage
    • Load, Pressure, Flow & Vibration
      • Water TDS, pH, Flow, Level and Pressure Sensor
      • Vibration/Tilt Sensor
      • Load / Pressure / Force / Flex Sensor
    • Sensor Kits
      • Sensor Kits Link and Image
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      • Smart Vision Camera
      • Thermal Cameras
      • Raspberry Pi Camera
  • IoT and Wireless
    • IoT and Wireless
      • Ai Thinker ESP Wifi Modules
      • ESP WiFi Module
      • Development Board/Kit
      • xBee Zigbee Module
      • LORA WiFi
      • Bluetooth and NRF Modules
      • GSM / GPRS
      • Transmitter and Receivers
      • Advance Controller Board
      • Wireless Smart Switches
  • Electronic Modules
    • Displays
      • Seven Segment LED Display
      • LCD Displays
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      • OLED Display
      • LED Dot Matrix Display
      • e-Ink Display
    • Interface Module
      • Programming Module
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      • Memory Interfacing
    • LED and Laser Modules
      • LED Module
      • LASER Module
      • Addressable LED and Drivers
    • Miscellaneous Modules
      • Breakout Board
      • Relay Switch Modules
      • Electronic Switches/Keypads
      • Solar Panels and Controllers
      • Wearable Electronic
      • Real Time Module (RTC)
      • Audio Module/ Amplifier
      • Mux-DeMux & Logic Converter
    • Voltage Regulator
      • Boost Converter (Step-Up )
      • Buck Converter (Step-Down)
  • Electronic Components
    • Semiconductor ICs
      • Microcontroller IC
      • Amplifier ICs
      • Interface IC
      • WiFi ICs
      • Clock, Timer and Counter ICs
      • Sensor ICs
      • Optocoupler IC
      • Other Semicondutor ICs
      • IC Base
    • LED | Plugs / Connectors
      • LEDs Kit
      • LEDs
      • Through Hole LED
      • SMD LED
      • RF Connectors
      • Berg / FPC / IDC Connector
      • Power Connector
      • Interface Connector
    • Basic Electronic Components
      • Component Kit
      • Resistor
      • Inductor
      • Capacitor
      • Diode
      • Transistor
      • Crystal Oscillator
    • Miscellaneous Component
      • Potentiometer
      • Fuse
      • Mechanical Switches
      • Buzzer/Speaker
      • Aluminium Heat Sink
      • Bread Board and Zero PCB
  • Wires and Cables
    • PVC and Silicone Wires
      • PVC Wire
      • 6 to 10 AWG
      • 12 to 16 AWG
      • 18 to 22 AWG
      • 24 to 30 AWG
    • Cables
      • DuPont / Jumper Cable
      • Interfacing Cables
      • JR Servo cable
      • Futaba servo cable
      • FFC Cable
    • Heat Shrink Tubing / Sleeve
      • Heat Shrink Combos
      • 1 mm to 4 mm
      • 5 mm to 10 mm
      • 11 mm and Above
      • PVC Heat Shrink
    • Tools and Accessories
      • Wire Cutter / Stripper
      • Cable Ties
      • Sleeves and Drag Chain
  • Instruments & Tools
    • Measuring Instruments & Tools
      • Oscilloscope & Signal Generator
      • Ammeter, Voltmeter and Multimeter
      • Other measuring Instruments
      • Soldering Tools and Kits
      • Glue Gun & Sticks
      • Workbench Accessories
    • Power Supply
      • SMPS
      • Transformers
      • Hi-Link Power Supply Module
  • Mechanical
    • Mechanical Robotic Parts
      • Chassis
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
      • Lead Screw
      • Linear Guide Rail
      • Couplings
      • Bearings
      • Motor Mounting Brackets
      • Gears
    • Wheels
      • Mecanum Wheels
      • Omni Wheels
      • Heavy Duty Wheel
      • RC Car Wheel
      • Pulley Wheel & Track Belt
      • Caster Wheels
    • Carbon Fiber
      • Carbon Fiber Sheets and Strips
      • Carbon Fiber Tubes and Rods
    • Nuts and Bolts
      • Countersunk(CSK) Screws
      • Socket Set Screws (Allen Grub)
      • Socket Head Cap Screw (Allen Bolt)
      • CHHD Screws
      • Nut and Washers
      • Nylon Nuts and Bolts
      • Spacer and Standoff
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      • Speed Controllers (ESC)
      • Drone Transmitter & Receiver
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      • Upto 3 Inch
      • 3 Inch to 7 Inch
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      • 11 Inch and Above
      • Carbon Fiber Propeller
      • Triblades
      • Propeller Accessories
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    • Title-menu
    • e-Bike Parts and Kits
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      • Ebike Motor and Controller
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      • 3D Printer Heatbed and Accessories
      • Limit Switch
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      • Stepper Motor Drivers
    • Mechanical Parts
      • 3D Printer Extruder Kit
      • 3D Printer Extruder Parts and Fans
      • 3D Printer Nozzle
      • Lead Screw and Nut
      • Aluminum Extrusion and Accessories
      • Smooth Rods
      • 3D Printer Couplings
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      • Timing Belt and Pulley
      • Nut Insert
      • Sleeves and Drag Chain
      • Linear Guide Rail
    • Filaments
      • ORANGE Premium Filaments
      • ESUN Filaments
      • Resins
  • Lithium Batteries
    • Lemon Premium Li-PO Battery
      • 2S Lipo (7.4V ~ 8.4V)
      • 3S Lipo (11.1V ~ 12.6V)
      • 4S Lipo (14.8V ~ 16.8V)
      • 6S LiPo (22.2V ~ 25.2V)
    • Orange LiPO Battery
      • 1 Cell (3.7-4.2)V
      • 2 Cell (7.4-8.4)V
      • 3 Cell (11.1-12.6)V
      • 4 Cell (14.8-16.8)V
      • 6 Cell (22.2-25.2)V
    • Orange Li-Ion Batteries
      • 1 cell (3.7V~4.2V)
      • 2 Cell (7.4V~8.4V)
      • 3 Cell (11.1V~12.6V)
      • 4 Cell (14.8V~16.8V)
      • 5 Cell (18.5V) & 6 cell (22.2V)
    • Orange Premium BMS
    • Other Batteries
      • TX/RX Li-PO Batteries
      • LifePO4 Battery
      • Coin Cell Battery
      • CNC and PLC Machine Battery
    • Battery Accessories
      • Battery Protection Board
      • Battery Pack Accessories & Holders
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      • Battery Connector
      • Battery Harness
      • Power Adapter and Cable
      • Lipo Voltage Checker
      • Parallel Charging Board
      • LiPO Battery Sack, Covers & Mats
  • Motors, Drivers, Actuators
    • Brushed DC Motor
      • Orange Johnson Geared Motor
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HomeBlogsBattery , Power supply & chargersSeries and Parallel Configuration of Lithium Battery

Series and Parallel Configuration of Lithium Battery

Battery , Power supply & chargers  0  comments  3948 Views  Saturday, May 2, 2020











This article talks about the different configurations of Lithium-ion Battery in Series and Parallel configurations, and its effects on their performance.

Series and Parallel Configuration of Lithium Battery

Do you know how Lithium-ion battery packs form? The Lithium-ion battery pack is the combination of series and parallel connections of the cell. In this blog batteries in series vs parallel we are talking about Series and Parallel Configuration of Lithium Battery. By configuring these several cells in series we get desired operating voltage.  Also the Parallel connection of these cells increase the capacity which directly increase the total ampere-hour (Ah) rating of the battery pack. 

Single cell configuration

The single-cell configuration is the simplest battery pack. Typical these configuration are available in mobile phones and tablets with one 3.7V Lithium-ion cell. Other uses of a single cell are wall clocks, which typically use a 1.5V alkaline cell, wristwatches and memory backup, most of which are very low power applications. The below image shows the single cell configuration of Lithium-ion cell.

single cell configurationThe nominal cell voltage for a nickel-based battery is 1.2V. for alkaline it is 1.5V; silver-oxide is 1.6V and lead acid is 2.0V. Primary lithium batteries range between 3.0V and 3.9V. Li-ion is 3.7V. Li-phosphate is 3.2V and Li-titanate is 2.4V. Li-manganese and other lithium-based systems often use cell voltages of 3.7V and higher. 

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There are different types of batteries in series vs parallel pack formation and they are explaning as follow,

Series configuration

Some of the portable equipment requires higher voltage battery packs. so in thi case the voltage can increase by connecting these cell in series. The below figure shows a battery pack of three 3.7V Lithium-ion cells. These cells are connected in series now this 3S or 3 cell battery pack which produce 11.1 V in nominal mode.

Similarly, six-cell lead acid string with 2 V/cell will generate 12 V and four alkaline with 1.5 V/cell will produce 6 V. According with the required voltage for your application, you can connect the number of cells in series.  

If one of the cell of the battery pack gets discharged or damaged then the battery pack shows the notification. This notification gets due to the protection board used in it. The below image illustrates a battery pack in which “cell 3” produces only 2.8V instead of the full nominal 3.7V.

Low voltage

With depressed operating voltage, this battery reaches the end-of-discharge point earlier than a normal pack. The voltage collapses and the device turns off with a “Low Battery” message. At this point you have to charge your battery pack with suitable charger.

Parallel Configuration

If the applications require the higher current capacity battery and larger cells are not available then by using the parallel configuration of these cells, the current capacity can increase. Most of the battery chemistries allow parallel configurations with little side effect. The below image shows the parallel configuration of four cells. The nominal voltage of the illustrated pack remains at 3.7V, but the capacity (Ah) and runtime are increased.

Parallel configuration

A cell that develops high resistance in a parallel circuit than in a series configuration. But in the parallel configuration, a failing or faulty cell will reduce the total load capability. On the other hand, an electrical short is more serious as the faulty cell drains energy from the other cells, it causes a fire hazard.  Large packs often include a fuse that disconnects the failing cell from the parallel circuit if it were to short.

Below image shows the parallel configuration with one faulty cell. In that, the capacity of third cell is 1500 mah. Weak cell will not affect the voltage but provide a low runtime due to reduced capacity. 

low current capacity

Series and parallel configuration 

Using the series and parallel configuration, you can design the more voltage and higher capacity battery pack with a standard cell size. The below figure shows the configuration of 2S2P configuration of the 18650 lithium-ion cells. Here, 2 cells connect in series and 2 cells are in parallel. The total power is the sum of voltage times current. A 3.7V (nominal) cell multiplied by 3400mAh produces 12.58Wh.

series and parallel config.

Four 18650 Lithium-ion cells of 3400 mAh can connect in series and parallel as shown to get 7.2 V nominal and 12.58 Wh. The slim cell allows flexible pack design but every battery pack requires the battery protection circuit. Generally integrated circuits (ICs) for various cell combinations are available in the market. Larger packs need custom circuits. This larger battery packs use in e-bike batteries, hybrid cars and the Tesla Model.

Safety devices in Series and Parallel configuration

The positive Temperature Coefficient Switches (PTC) and Charge Interrupt Devices (CID) protect the battery from overcurrent and excessive pressure.  The PTC and CID work as expected to switch of the cell on excessive current and internal cell pressure, the shutdown occurs in cascade format. While some cells may go offline early, the load current causes excess current on the remaining cells. Such overload condition could lead to a thermal runaway before the remaining safety devices activate.

We at Robu.in hope that you found this artical batteries in series vs parallel interesting and that you will come back for more of our educational blogs.

 


Tags : Battery , Lithium-ion battery

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